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The stochastic gravitational-wave background is imprinted on the times of arrival of radio pulses from millisecond pulsars. Traditional pulsar timing analyses fit a timing model to each pulsar and search the residuals of the fit for a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-13 William DeRocco , Jeff A. Dror

Pulsar-timing-array experiments have reported evidence for a stochastic background of nanohertz gravitational waves consistent with the signal expected from a population of supermassive--black-hole binaries. Their analyses assume power-law…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-17 Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Jeremy George Baier , Paul T. Baker , Bence Bécsy , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Katerina Chatziioannou , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil J. Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Heling Deng , Lankeswar Dey , Timothy Dolch , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Emiko C. Gardiner , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Kyle A. Gersbach , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Ross J. Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , Bjorn Larsen , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Patrick M. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Jessie C. Runnoe , Alexander Saffer , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Ann Schmiedekamp , Carl Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Sophia V. Sosa Fiscella , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin A. Witt , David Wright , Olivia Young

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are essential tools for detecting the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), but their analysis faces significant computational challenges. Traditional methods like Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-30 Bo Liang , Chang Liu , Tianyu Zhao , Minghui Du , Manjia Liang , Ruijun Shi , Hong Guo , Yuxiang Xu , Li-e Qiang , Peng Xu , Wei-Liang Qian , Ziren Luo

The recent compelling observation of the nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background has brought to light a new galactic arena to test gravity. In this paper, we derive a formula for the most general expression of the stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-12 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Guo-Chin Liu , Kin-Wang Ng

Gravitational wave (GW) observations probe both a diffuse, stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) as well as individual cataclysmic events such as the merger of two compact objects. The detection and description of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Eleanor Gleave , Andrew Jaffe

We search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the $12.5$-year pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves. Our analysis finds strong evidence of a…

We propose a data processing technique that allows searches for a stochastic background of gravitational radiation with data from a single detector. Our technique exploits the difference between the coherence time of the gravitational wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-05-22 Massimo Tinto , J. W. Armstrong

We review and expand on a Bayesian model selection technique for the detection of gravitational waves from neutron star ring-downs associated with pulsar glitches. The algorithm works with power spectral densities constructed from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 J Clark , I S Heng , M Pitkin , G Woan

We investigate the Bayesian framework for detection of continuous gravitational waves (GWs) in the context of targeted searches, where the phase evolution of the GW signal is assumed to be known, while the four amplitude parameters are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 Reinhard Prix , Badri Krishnan

We report multiple lines of evidence for a stochastic signal that is correlated among 67 pulsars from the 15-year pulsar-timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves. The correlations follow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-29 Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Bence Becsy , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Rand Burnette , Robin Case , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Katerina Chatziioannou , Belinda D. Cheeseboro , Siyuan Chen , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil J. Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Curt J. Cutler , Megan E. DeCesar , Dallas DeGan , Paul B. Demorest , Heling Deng , Timothy Dolch , Brendan Drachler , Justin A. Ellis , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Kyle A. Gersbach , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gultekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Sophie Hourihane , Kristina Islo , Ross J. Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Tonia C. Klein , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tyson B. Littenberg , Tingting Liu , Andrea Lommen , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Margaret A. Mattson , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Patrick M. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Priyamvada Natarajan , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Polina Petrov , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Ann Schmiedekamp , Carl Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Levi Schult , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Jerry P. Sun , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Jacob Taylor , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Rutger van Haasteren , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Qiaohong Wang , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

Pulsar-timing collaborations have recently reported evidence for the detection of an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background consistent with one sourced by a population of inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries. However, a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-09 Neha Anil Kumar , Mesut Çalışkan , Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski , Lingyuan Ji

We review detection methods that are currently in use or have been proposed to search for a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. We consider both Bayesian and frequentist searches using ground-based and space-based laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-11 Joseph D. Romano , Neil J. Cornish

Recent pulsar timing array results, including the NANOGrav 15-year data set, show evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the nanohertz band. We present a Bayesian framework to compare three possible origins: (i) a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Mengshen Wang , Zuocheng Zhang , Hua Xu

Pulsar timing arrays recently found evidence for a gravitational wave background (GWB), likely the stochastic overlap of GWs from many supermassive black hole binaries. Anticipating a continuous gravitational wave (CW) detection from a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-08 Emiko C. Gardiner , Bence Bécsy , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Neil J. Cornish

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have recently found evidence for a nanohertz-frequency stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). Constraining its spectral characteristics will reveal its origins. To achieve this, we must understand how…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-15 William G. Lamb , Stephen R. Taylor , Rutger van Haasteren

We present a comprehensive investigation of the F-statistic method for parameter estimation of gravitational wave (GW) signals from compact binary coalescences. By analytically maximizing the likelihood over the luminosity distance and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-15 Hai-Tian Wang

Pulsar timing array collaborations have recently reported evidence for a noise process with a common spectrum among the millisecond pulsars in the arrays. The spectral properties of this common-noise process are consistent with expectations…

Hundreds of millions of supermassive black hole binaries are expected to contribute to the gravitational-wave signal in the nanohertz frequency band. Their signal is often approximated either as an isotropic Gaussian stochastic background…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-20 Bence Bécsy , Neil J. Cornish , Luke Zoltan Kelley

Pulsar timing offers an independent avenue to test general relativity and alternative gravity theories. This requires an understanding of how metric polarizations beyond the familiar transverse tensor ones imprint as a stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-08 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Pulsar Timing Array projects have found evidence of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWB) using data from an ensemble of pulsars. In the literature, minimal assumptions are made about the signal and noise processes that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-28 Rutger van Haasteren