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Quantum k-SAT (the problem of determining whether a k-local Hamiltonian is frustration-free) is known to be QMA_1-complete for k >= 3, and hence likely hard for quantum computers to solve. Building on a classical result of Alon and Shapira,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Ashley Montanaro , Changpeng Shao , Dominic Verdon

Reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on the successful implementation of non-Clifford circuits with quantum error correction (QEC). In QEC, quantum gates and measurements encode quantum information into an error-protected…

We study the complexity of learning quantum states in various models with respect to the stabilizer formalism and obtain the following results: - We prove that $\Omega(n)$ $T$-gates are necessary for any Clifford+$T$ circuit to prepare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Sabee Grewal , Vishnu Iyer , William Kretschmer , Daniel Liang

We obtain the strongest separation between quantum and classical query complexity known to date -- specifically, we define a black-box problem that requires exponentially many queries in the classical bounded-error case, but can be solved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Niel de Beaudrap , Richard Cleve , John Watrous

A decision diagram (DD) is a graph-like data structure for homomorphic compression of Boolean and pseudo-Boolean functions. Over the past decades, decision diagrams have been successfully applied to verification, linear algebra, stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Arend-Jan Quist , Tim Coopmans , Alfons Laarman

Random classical linear codes are widely believed to be hard to decode. While slightly sub-exponential time algorithms exist when the coding rate vanishes sufficiently rapidly, all known algorithms at constant rate require exponential time.…

We describe an approach for characterizing the process of quantum gates using quantum process tomography, by first modeling them in an extended Hilbert space, which includes non-qubit degrees of freedom. To prevent unphysical processes from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Peter P. Rohde , G. J. Pryde , J. L. O'Brien , Timothy C. Ralph

We introduce a new paradigm for analysing and finding bugs in quantum circuits. In our approach, the problem is given by a triple $\{P\}\,C\,\{Q\}$ and the question is whether, given a set $P$ of quantum states on the input of a circuit…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yu-Fang Chen , Kai-Min Chung , Ondřej Lengál , Jyun-Ao Lin , Wei-Lun Tsai , Di-De Yen

The stabilization of a quantum computer by repeated error correction can be reduced almost entirely to repeated preparation of blocks of qubits in quantum codeword states. These are multi-particle entangled states with a high degree of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Steane

A test of quantumness is a protocol that allows a classical verifier to certify (only) that a prover is not classical. We show that tests of quantumness that follow a certain template, which captures recent proposals such as (Kalai et al.,…

Quantum computer algorithms can exploit the structure of random satisfiability problems. This paper extends a previous empirical evaluation of such an algorithm and gives an approximate asymptotic analysis accounting for both the average…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tad Hogg

We show that computational problem of testing the behaviour of quantum circuits is hard for the class of problems known as QMA that can be verified efficiently with a quantum computer. This result is a generalization of the techniques…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-05 Bill Rosgen

We give a general method of construting quantum circuit for random \QTR{it}{satisfiability} (SAT) problems with the basic logic gates such as multi-qubit controlled-NOT and NOT gates. The sizes of these circuits are almost the same as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xinhua Peng , Xiwen Zhu , Kelin Gao

Quantum circuits consisting of Clifford and matchgates are two classes of circuits that are known to be efficiently simulatable on a classical computer. We introduce a unified framework that shows in a transparent way the special structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Igor Ermakov , Oleg Lychkovskiy , Tim Byrnes

A quantum position-verification scheme attempts to verify the spatial location of a prover. The prover is issued a challenge with quantum and classical inputs and must respond with appropriate timings. We consider two well-studied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Vahid Asadi , Richard Cleve , Eric Culf , Alex May

This paper investigates the algorithmic safety verification problem of infinite-state parameterized concurrent programs over a rich set of communication topologies. The goal is to automatically produce a proof of correctness in the form of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ruotong Cheng , Azadeh Farzan

Most near-term quantum information processing devices will not be capable of implementing quantum error correction and the associated logical quantum gate set. Instead, quantum circuits will be implemented directly using the physical native…

We propose an approach for quantifying a quantum circuit's quantumness as a means to understand the nature of quantum algorithmic speedups. Since quantum gates that do not preserve the computational basis are necessary for achieving quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-04 Yaoyun Shi

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

Quantum gate benchmarking is unavoidably influenced by state preparation and measurement errors. Randomized benchmarking addresses this challenge by employing group twirling to regularize the noise channel, then provides a characterization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Han Ye , Guoding Liu , Xiongfeng Ma
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