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Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies of non-Hermitian systems, where both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce. Classical and quantum systems exhibiting high-order EPs have recently been identified as fundamental building blocks for…

Exceptional points (EPs), the degeneracy point of non-Hermitian systems, have recently attracted great attention after its ability to greatly enhance the sensitivity of micro-cavities is demonstrated experimentally. Unlike the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Geng-Li Zhang , Di Liu , Xi-Ming Wang , Man-Hong Yung

Experiments near the lock-in region in maximally dissipative non-Hermitian systems, e.g., conventional laser gyroscopes near the deadband, have run up against the Petermann limit, where excess noise exactly cancels any scale-factor…

We experimentally observe an effective PT-phase transition through the exceptional point in a hybrid plasmonic-dielectric waveguide system. Transmission experiments reveal fundamental changes in the underlying Eigenmode interactions as the…

Optics · Physics 2019-11-27 Alessandro Tuniz , Torsten Wieduwilt , Markus A. Schmidt

The role of nonlinearity on topology has been investigated extensively in Hermitian systems, while nonlinearity has only been used as a tuning knob in a PT symmetric non-Hermitian system. Here, in our work, we show that nonlinearity plays a…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2022-07-26 Kai Bai , Meng Xiao

Exceptional points, at which two or more eigenfunctions of a Hamiltonian coalesce, occur in non-Hermitian systems and lead to surprising physical effects. In particular, the behaviour of a system under parameter variation can differ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Bradley Longstaff , Eva-Maria Graefe

The sensitivity of perturbation sensing can be effectively enhanced with higher-order exceptional points due to the nonlinear response to frequency splitting. However, the experimental implementation is challenging since all the parameters…

Optics · Physics 2021-09-01 Hong Yang , Xuan Mao , Guo-Qing Qin , Min Wang , Hao Zhang , Dong Ruan , Gui-Lu Long

Exceptional points (EPs) of non-Hermitian (NH) systems have recently attracted increasing attention due to their rich phenomenology and intriguing applications. Compared to the predominantly studied second-order EPs, higher-order EPs have…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-09-07 Kunkun Wang , Lei Xiao , Haiqing Lin , Wei Yi , Emil J. Bergholtz , Peng Xue

Driven-dissipative systems provide a natural setting for the emergence of exceptional points -- i.e. non-Hermitian degeneracies where eigenmodes coalesce. These points are important for applications such as sensing, where enhanced…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-21 Mawgan A. Smith , Ryan D. McKenzie , Alban Joseph , Robert L. Stamps , Rair Macêdo

Unconventional properties of non-Hermitian systems, such as the existence of exceptional points, have recently been suggested as a resource for sensing. The impact of noise and utility in quantum regimes however remains unclear. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-18 Hoi-Kwan Lau , Aashish A. Clerk

Exceptional point degeneracies (EPD) of linear non-Hermitian systems have been recently utilized for hypersensitive sensing. This proposal exploits the sublinear response that the degenerate frequencies experience once the system is…

Compared with an isolated exceptional point, exceptional surfaces in non-Hermitian systems are more robust against environment noises, fabrication errors, and experimental uncertainties. Thanks to this, exceptional surfaces can be applied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Guo-Qiang Zhang , Si-Yan Lin , Wei Feng , Yu Wang , Yang Yu , Chui-Ping Yang

We describe a method to enhance the sensitivity of precision measurements that takes advantage of a quantum sensor's environment to amplify its response to weak external perturbations. An individual qubit is used to sense the dynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 G. Goldstein , P. Cappellaro , J. R. Maze , J. S. Hodges , L. Jiang , A. S. Sørensen , M. D. Lukin

Exceptional points (EPs) are spectral degeneracies unique to non-Hermitian systems which underpin phenomena from enhanced sensing to unconventional topology. While disorder is usually viewed as detrimental, it can also drive topological…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-01-28 Xiaoyu Cheng , Tiantao Qu , Yaqing Yang , Jun Chen , Lei Zhang

The Petermann factor and the phase rigidity are convenient measures for various aspects of open quantum and wave systems, such as the sensitivity of energy eigenvalues to perturbations or the magnitude of quantum excess noise in lasers. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-14 Jan Wiersig

Exceptional points facilitate peculiar dynamics in non-Hermitian systems. Yet, in photonics, they have mainly been studied in the classical realm. In this work, we reveal the behavior of two-photon quantum states in non-Hermitian systems…

This paper studies the super-twisting algorithm (STA) for adaptive sliding mode design. The proposed method tunes the two gains of STA on line simultaneously such that a second order sliding mode can take place with small rectifying gains.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Xiaogang Xiong , Shyam Kamal , Shanhai Jin

Systems with an effectively non-Hermitian Hamiltonian display an enhanced sensitivity to parametric and dynamic perturbations, which arises from the nonorthogonality of their eigenstates. This enhanced sensitivity can be quantified by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Henning Schomerus

Phase transitions can dramatically alter system dynamics, unlocking new behavior and improving performance. Exceptional points (EPs), where the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of a coupled linear system coalesce, are particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Hanfeng Wang , Kurt Jacobs , Donald Fahey , Yong Hu , Dirk R. Englund , Matthew E. Trusheim

Quantum sensing near exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems has shown promising sensitivity enhancements. However, practical applications are often hindered by structural complexity and strict parameter constraints. In this work,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Hao-Wen Zhang , Dong-Yang Wang , Cheng-Hua Bai , Tian-Xiang Lu , Shi-Lei Su