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Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) is a complex systems modeling technique which, due to its unique advantages, has lately risen in popularity. They are based on graphs that represent the causal relationships among the parameters of the system to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Stefanos Tsimenidis

A large language model (LLM) can map a feedback causal fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) into text and then reconstruct the FCM from the text. This explainable AI system approximates an identity map from the FCM to itself and resembles the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Akash Kumar Panda , Olaoluwa Adigun , Bart Kosko

In this book we study the concepts of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and their Neutrosophic analogue, the Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs).Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dr. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache

While Agent-Based Models can create detailed artificial societies based on individual differences and local context, they can be computationally intensive. Modelers may offset these costs through a parsimonious use of the model, for example…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Philippe J. Giabbanelli , Jack T. Beerman

We design a large-language-model (LLM) agent system that extracts causal feedback fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) from raw text. The causal learning or extraction process is agentic both because of the LLM's semi-autonomy and because ultimately…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Akash Kumar Panda , Olaoluwa Adigun , Bart Kosko

Among various soft computing approaches for time series forecasting, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) have shown remarkable results as a tool to model and analyze the dynamics of complex systems. FCM have similarities to recurrent neural networks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Omid Orang , Petrônio Cândido de Lima e Silva , Frederico Gadelha Guimarães

Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) model feedback causal relations in interwoven webs of causality and policy variables. FCMs are fuzzy signed directed graphs that allow degrees of causal influence and event occurrence. Such causal models can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Osonde Osoba , Bart Kosko

This study implements a novel Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) framework for addressing large complex socio-ecological problems. These are characterized as qualitative, dominated by uncertainty, human involvement with different and vague…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Mamoon Obiedat , Sandhya Samarasinghe

In this paper we propose an extension to the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) that aims at aggregating a number of reasoning tasks into a one parallel run. The described approach consists in replacing real-valued activation levels of concepts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Piotr Szwed

Steering a complex system towards a desired outcome is a challenging task. The lack of clarity on the system's exact architecture and the often scarce scientific data upon which to base the operationalisation of the dynamic rules that…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Sotiris Moschoyiannis , Nicholas Elia , Alexandra S. Penn , David J. B. Lloyd , Chris Knight

We automatically generate feedback causal fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) from text by teaching large-language-model agents to break the text into overlapping chunks of text. Convex mixing of these chunk FCMs gives a representative cyclic FCM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Akash Kumar Panda , Olaoluwa Adigun , Bart Kosko

Understanding and modeling collective intelligence is essential for addressing complex social systems. Directed graphs called fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) offer a powerful tool for encoding causal mental models, but extracting high-integrity…

In the quest for accurate and interpretable AI models, eXplainable AI (XAI) has become crucial. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) stand out as an advanced XAI method because of their ability to synergistically combine and exploit both expert…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Marios Tyrovolas , Nikolaos D. Kallimanis , Chrysostomos Stylios

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are considered a soft computing technique combining elements of fuzzy logic and recurrent neural networks. They found multiple application in such domains as modeling of system behavior, prediction of time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Piotr Szwed

While the machine learning literature dedicated to fully automated reasoning algorithms is abundant, the number of methods enabling the inference process on the basis of previously defined knowledge structures is scanter. Fuzzy Cognitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Gonzalo Nápoles , Frank Vanhoenshoven , Koen Vanhoof

This essay is about a neural implementation of the fuzzy cognitive map, the FHM, and corresponding evaluations. Firstly, a neural net has been designed to behave the same way that an FCM does; as inputs it accepts many fuzzy cognitive maps…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Alexis Kafantaris

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are soft computing technique that follows an approach similar to human reasoning and human decision-making process, making them a valuable modeling and simulation methodology. Medical Decision Systems are complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Anand M. Shukla , Pooja D. Pandit , Vasudev M. Purandare , Anuradha Srinivasaraghavan

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps constitute a neuro-symbolic paradigm for modeling complex dynamic systems, widely adopted for their inherent interpretability and recurrent inference capabilities. However, the standard FCM formulation, characterized by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jose L. Salmeron

An adaptive multiexpert mixture of feedback causal models can approximate missing or phantom nodes in large-scale causal models. The result gives a scalable form of \emph{big knowledge}. The mixed model approximates a sampled dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Akash Kumar Panda , Bart Kosko

This paper presents a Fuzzy Cognitive Map model to quantify implicit bias in structured datasets where features can be numeric or discrete. In our proposal, problem features are mapped to neural concepts that are initially activated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Gonzalo Nápoles , Isel Grau , Leonardo Concepción , Lisa Koutsoviti Koumeri , João Paulo Papa
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