English
Related papers

Related papers: Scaling Laws Under the Microscope: Predicting Tran…

200 papers

Large Language Models (LLMs) are large-scale pretrained models that have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains. These successes have been driven by unprecedented complexity and scale in both data and computations. However, due…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) highlight a strong connection between intelligence and compression. Learned image compression, a fundamental task in modern data compression, has made significant progress in recent years.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yuqi Li , Haotian Zhang , Li Li , Dong Liu , Feng Wu

As language models scale, the amount of data they require grows -- yet many target data sources, such as low-resource languages or specialized domains, are inherently limited in size. A common strategy is to mix this scarce but valuable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Anastasiia Sedova , Skyler Seto , Natalie Schluter , Pierre Ablin

We propose an approach to estimate the number of samples required for a model to reach a target performance. We find that the power law, the de facto principle to estimate model performance, leads to large error when using a small dataset…

We present an empirical study in the geometric task of learning interatomic potentials, which shows equivariance matters even more at larger scales; we show a clear power-law scaling behaviour with respect to data, parameters and compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Khang Ngo , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

To address the challenge of limited experimental materials data, extensive physical property databases are being developed based on high-throughput computational experiments, such as molecular dynamics simulations. Previous studies have…

Scaling Laws have emerged as a powerful framework for understanding how model performance evolves as they increase in size, providing valuable insights for optimizing computational resources. In the realm of Sequential Recommendation (SR),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Tingjia Shen , Hao Wang , Chuhan Wu , Jin Yao Chin , Wei Guo , Yong Liu , Huifeng Guo , Defu Lian , Ruiming Tang , Enhong Chen

Large language model (LLM) scaling laws are empirical formulas that estimate changes in model quality as a result of increasing parameter count and training data. However, these formulas, including the popular Deepmind Chinchilla scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Nikhil Sardana , Jacob Portes , Sasha Doubov , Jonathan Frankle

Molecular Representation Learning (MRL) has emerged as a powerful tool for drug and materials discovery in a variety of tasks such as virtual screening and inverse design. While there has been a surge of interest in advancing model-centric…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-09-29 Dingshuo Chen , Yanqiao Zhu , Jieyu Zhang , Yuanqi Du , Zhixun Li , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Large Language Models have driven significant AI advancements, yet their training is resource-intensive and highly sensitive to hyper-parameter selection. While scaling laws provide valuable guidance on model size and data requirements,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xingyu Xie , Kuangyu Ding , Shuicheng Yan , Kim-Chuan Toh , Tianwen Wei

Discovering scaling laws for predicting model performance at scale is a fundamental and open-ended challenge, mostly reliant on slow, case specific human experimentation. To investigate the potential for LLMs to automate this process, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Haowei Lin , Haotian Ye , Wenzheng Feng , Quzhe Huang , Yujun Li , Hubert Lim , Zhengrui Li , Xiangyu Wang , Jianzhu Ma , Yitao Liang , James Zou

Recent studies have demonstrated that the performance of transformers on the task of language modeling obeys a power-law relationship with model size over six orders of magnitude. While transformers exhibit impressive scaling, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Narsimha Chilkuri , Eric Hunsberger , Aaron Voelker , Gurshaant Malik , Chris Eliasmith

Despite recent advancements of large language models (LLMs), optimally predicting the model size for LLM pretraining or allocating optimal resources still remains a challenge. Several efforts have addressed the challenge by proposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Md Arafat Hossain , Xingfu Wu , Valerie Taylor , Ali Jannesari

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are surprisingly effective at performing zero-shot tasks, including time-series forecasting. However, understanding the mechanisms behind such capabilities remains highly challenging due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Toni J. B. Liu , Nicolas Boullé , Raphaël Sarfati , Christopher J. Earls

For deploying foundation models, practitioners increasingly need prescriptive scaling laws: given a pre training compute budget, what downstream accuracy is attainable with contemporary post training practice, and how stable is that mapping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Hanlin Zhang , Jikai Jin , Vasilis Syrgkanis , Sham Kakade

The cross-entropy scaling law has long served as a key tool for guiding the development of large language models. It shows that cross-entropy loss decreases in a predictable power-law rate as the model size increases. However, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Junxi Yan , Zixi Wei , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Jingtao Zhan

Scaling up language models has led to unprecedented performance gains, but little is understood about how the training dynamics change as models get larger. How do language models of different sizes learn during pre-training? Why do larger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Mengzhou Xia , Mikel Artetxe , Chunting Zhou , Xi Victoria Lin , Ramakanth Pasunuru , Danqi Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer , Ves Stoyanov

Transformers deliver outstanding performance across a wide range of tasks and are now a dominant backbone architecture for large language models (LLMs). Their task-solving performance is improved by increasing parameter size, as shown in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidetaka Kamigaito , Ying Zhang , Jingun Kwon , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Manabu Okumura , Taro Watanabe

We present a functional form (that we refer to as a Unified Neural Scaling Law (UNSL)) that accurately models and extrapolates the scaling behaviors of deep neural networks as multiple dimensions all vary simultaneously (i.e. how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ethan Caballero , Priyank Jaini , David Krueger , Irina Rish

Pre-trained models have become indispensable for efficiently building models across a broad spectrum of downstream tasks. The advantages of pre-trained models have been highlighted by empirical studies on scaling laws, which demonstrate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-05 Kazuto Fukuchi , Ryuichiro Hataya , Kota Matsui