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Solid evaluation of neural machine translation (NMT) is key to its understanding and improvement. Current evaluation of an NMT system is usually built upon a heuristic decoding algorithm (e.g., beam search) and an evaluation metric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Jianhao Yan , Chenming Wu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

We introduce a dataset comprising commercial machine translations, gathered weekly over six years across 12 translation directions. Since human A/B testing is commonly used, we assume commercial systems improve over time, which enables us…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Guojun Wu , Shay B. Cohen , Rico Sennrich

Despite the impressive quality improvements yielded by neural machine translation (NMT) systems, controlling their translation output to adhere to user-provided terminology constraints remains an open problem. We describe our approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Eva Hasler , Adrià De Gispert , Gonzalo Iglesias , Bill Byrne

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding is a method for choosing the outputs of a machine learning system based not on the output with the highest probability, but the output with the lowest risk (expected error) among multiple candidates. It is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Amanda Bertsch , Alex Xie , Graham Neubig , Matthew R. Gormley

Automated metrics for machine translation attempt to replicate human judgment. Unlike humans, who often assess a translation in the context of multiple alternatives, these metrics typically consider only the source sentence and a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Maike Züfle , Vilém Zouhar , Tu Anh Dinh , Felipe Maia Polo , Jan Niehues , Mrinmaya Sachan

We investigate MT evaluation metric performance on adversarially-synthesized texts, to shed light on metric robustness. We experiment with word- and character-level attacks on three popular machine translation metrics: BERTScore, BLEURT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yichen Huang , Timothy Baldwin

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding generates high-quality translations by maximizing the expected utility of output candidates, but it evaluates all pairwise scores over the candidate set; hence, it takes quadratic time with respect to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Koki Natsumi , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Neural machine translation (NMT) systems typically employ maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding to select the highest-scoring translation from the distribution mass. However, recent evidence highlights the inadequacy of MAP decoding, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Di Wu , Yibin Lei , Christof Monz

Error Span Detection (ESD) extends automatic machine translation (MT) evaluation by localizing translation errors and labeling their severity. Current generative ESD methods typically use Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) decoding, assuming that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Boxuan Lyu , Haiyue Song , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Chenchen Ding , Hideki Tanaka , Masao Utiyama , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) decoding is the most widely used decoding strategy for neural machine translation (NMT) models. The underlying assumption is that model probability correlates well with human judgment, with better translations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Christian Tomani , David Vilar , Markus Freitag , Colin Cherry , Subhajit Naskar , Mara Finkelstein , Xavier Garcia , Daniel Cremers

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding has been shown to be a powerful alternative to beam search decoding in a variety of text generation tasks. MBR decoding selects a hypothesis from a pool of hypotheses that has the least expected risk under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yuu Jinnai , Tetsuro Morimura , Ukyo Honda , Kaito Ariu , Kenshi Abe

While instruction fine-tuned LLMs are effective text generators, sensitivity to prompt construction makes performance unstable and sub-optimal in practice. Relying on a single "best" prompt cannot capture all differing approaches to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 David Heineman , Yao Dou , Wei Xu

Neural machine translation systems estimate probabilities of target sentences given source sentences, yet these estimates may not align with human preferences. This work introduces QE-fusion, a method that synthesizes translations using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Giorgos Vernikos , Andrei Popescu-Belis

Context-aware Machine Translation aims to improve translations of sentences by incorporating surrounding sentences as context. Towards this task, two main architectures have been applied, namely single-encoder (based on concatenation) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Paweł Mąka , Yusuf Can Semerci , Jan Scholtes , Gerasimos Spanakis

With the rapid advancement of machine translation research, evaluation toolkits have become essential for benchmarking system progress. Tools like COMET and SacreBLEU offer single quality score assessments that are effective for pairwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Chinmay Dandekar , Wenda Xu , Xi Xu , Siqi Ouyang , Lei Li

We study two problems in neural machine translation (NMT). First, in beam search, whereas a wider beam should in principle help translation, it often hurts NMT. Second, NMT has a tendency to produce translations that are too short. Here, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Kenton Murray , David Chiang

Mistranslated numbers have the potential to cause serious effects, such as financial loss or medical misinformation. In this work we develop comprehensive assessments of the robustness of neural machine translation systems to numerical text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Jun Wang , Chang Xu , Francisco Guzman , Ahmed El-Kishky , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn

In this paper, the authors report a way to use concepts from statistical learning to gain an advantage in terms of error exponents while communicating over a discrete memoryless channel. The study utilizes the simulation capability of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Aman Chawla , Salvatore Domenic Morgera

The sensitivity afforded by quantum sensors is limited by decoherence. Quantum error correction (QEC) can enhance sensitivity by suppressing decoherence, but it has a side-effect: it biases a sensor's output in realistic settings. If…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Ivan Rojkov , David Layden , Paola Cappellaro , Jonathan Home , Florentin Reiter