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Related papers: A nitrogen-rich atmosphere on ancient Mars consist…

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Volatile elements - those that vaporize at low temperatures - are depleted in lunar rocks relative to terrestrial rocks. This systematic chemical depletion is evidence for vaporization and preferential removal of vapor from proto-lunar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-06 Kaveh Pahlevan , Andrew N. Youdin , Paolo A. Sossi

Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyzer (MENCA) of Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) measures the \emph{in-situ} neutral upper atmospheric constituents of Mars. Martian lower atmosphere predominated by the presence of $CO_2$ which…

The abundance of nitrogen in the interstellar medium is a powerful probe of star for- mation processes over cosmological timescales. Since nitrogen can be produced both in massive and intermediate-mass stars with metallicity-dependent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-03-21 Elisabeth Vangioni , Irina Dvorkin , Keith A. Olive , Yohan Dubois , Paolo Molaro , Patrick Petitjean , Joe Silk , Taysun Kimm

Due to the lower ionospheric thermal pressure and existence of the crustal magnetism at Mars, the Martian ionopause is expected to behave differently from the ionopause at Venus. We study the solar wind interaction and pressure balance at…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 F. Chu , Z. Girazian , F. Duru , R. Ramstad , J. Halekas , D. A. Gurnett , Xin Cao , A. J. Kopf

In this work we perform computer simulations of the ice surface in order to elucidate the role of nitrogen in the crystal growth rates and crystal habits of snow in the atmosphere. In pure water vapor at temperatures typical of ice crystal…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 Pablo Llombart , Ramón M. Bergua , Eva G. Noya , Luis G. MacDowell

The transition from a once-dense Martian atmosphere to the thin one observed today implies a substantial loss of carbon, either through atmospheric escape or surface deposition. Accurately modeling this carbon escape necessitates accounting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-01 Cheikh T. Bop , Marko Gacesa

Recent papers by Ansari et al. (2024, Science Advances 10, eadn4650) and Richardson et al. (2025, arXiv eprint 2504.01455) have suggested that global warming of the Martian surface ('terraforming') by 35 K to sustain local habitats above…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 Ashwin S. Braude , Edwin S. Kite , Mark I. Richardson , Alexandre Kling , Michael A. Mischna

Characterizing the bulk atmosphere of a terrestrial planet is important for determining surface pressure and potential habitability. Molecular nitrogen (N$_2$) constitutes the largest fraction of Earth$'$s atmosphere and is likely to be a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-31 Edward W. Schwieterman , Tyler D. Robinson , Victoria S. Meadows , Amit Misra , Shawn Domagal-Goldman

Aims: The secondary atmospheres of terrestrial planets form and evolve as a consequence of interaction with the interior over geological time. We aim to quantify the influence of planetary bulk composition on the interior--atmosphere…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-04 Rob J. Spaargaren , Maxim D. Ballmer , Dan J. Bower , Caroline Dorn , Paul J. Tackley

Exoplanet surveys around M dwarfs have detected a growing number of exoplanets with Earth-like insolation. It is expected that some of those planets are rocky planets with the potential for temperate climates favourable to surface liquid…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-30 Tadahiro Kimura , Masahiro Ikoma

The effect of protoplanetary differentiation on the fate of life essential volatiles like nitrogen and carbon and its subsequent effect on the dynamics of planetary growth is unknown. Because the dissolution of nitrogen in magma oceans…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-13 Damanveer S. Grewal , Rajdeep Dasgupta , Taylor Hough , Alexandra Farnell

Despite decades of scientific research on the subject, the climate of the first 1.5 Gyr of Mars history has not been fully understood yet. Especially challenging is the need to reconcile the presence of liquid water for extended periods of…

Observations have revealed that the elemental abundances of carbon and oxygen in the warm molecular layers of some protoplanetary disks are depleted compared to those is the interstellar medium by a factor of ~10-100. Meanwhile, little is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-26 Kenji Furuya , Seokho Lee , Hideko Nomura

Massive steam and CO$_2$ atmospheres have been proposed for magma ocean outgassing of Earth and terrestrial planets. Yet formation of such atmospheres depends on volatile exchange with the molten interior, governed by volatile solubilities…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-03 Dan J. Bower , Kaustubh Hakim , Paolo A. Sossi , Patrick Sanan

The dynamics of Mars' obliquity are believed to be chaotic, and the historical ~3.5 Gyr (late-Hesperian onward) obliquity probability density function (PDF) is high uncertain and cannot be inferred from direct simulation alone. Obliquity is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-19 Samuel J. Holo , Edwin S. Kite , Stuart J. Robbins

The planetary differentiation models of Mars are proposed that take into account core-mantle and core-mantle-crust differentiation. The numerical simulations are presented for the early thermal evolution of Mars spanning up to the initial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-19 S. Sahijpal , G. K. Bhatia

Understanding the possible climatic conditions on rocky extrasolar planets, and thereby their potential habitability, is one of the major subjects of exoplanet research. Determining how the climate, as well as potential atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-11 Engin Keles , John Lee Grenfell , Mareike Godolt , Barbara Stracke , Heike Rauer

The physical origins of the observed interannual variability of weather and climate on Mars are poorly understood. In this paper we introduce a deterministic physical mechanism that may account for much of the variability of the circulation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-24 James H. Shirley

After Earth's origin, our host star, the Sun, was shining 20 to 25 percent less brightly than today. Without greenhouse-like conditions to warm the atmosphere, our early planet would have been an ice ball and life may never have evolved.…

Observations and simulations show that Mars' atmosphere has large seasonal variations. Total atmospheric density can have an order of magnitude latitudinal variation at exobase heights. By numerical simulations we show that these latitude…

Space Physics · Physics 2008-02-21 Mats Holmström