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In a parameterized problem, every instance I comes with a positive integer k. The problem is said to admit a polynomial kernel if, in polynomial time, one can reduce the size of the instance I to a polynomial in k, while preserving the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-09-26 Hans L. Bodlaender , Fedor V. Fomin , Daniel Lokshtanov , Eelko Penninkx , Saket Saurabh , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

A kernelization is an efficient algorithm that given an instance of a parameterized problem returns an equivalent instance of size bounded by some function of the input parameter value. It is quite well understood which problems do or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Leonid Antipov , Stefan Kratsch

A graph product kernel means the kernel of the natural surjection from a graph product to the corresponding direct product. We prove that a graph product kernel of countable groups is special, and a graph product of finite or cyclic groups…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-17 Sang-hyun Kim

Vertex deletion to hereditary graph class is well-studied in parameterized complexity. Vertex deletion to the scattered graph classes has gained attention in recent years. In this paper, we consider (Proper-Interval, Tree)-Vertex Deletion,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ashwin Jacob , Arpit Kumar , Diptapriyo Majumdar

Graph kernel is a powerful tool measuring the similarity between graphs. Most of the existing graph kernels focused on node labels or attributes and ignored graph hierarchical structure information. In order to effectively utilize graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Kai Ma , Peng Wan , Daoqiang Zhang

Various Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been successful in analyzing data in non-Euclidean spaces, however, they have limitations such as oversmoothing, i.e., information becomes excessively averaged as the number of hidden layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jaeyoon Sim , Sooyeon Jeon , InJun Choi , Guorong Wu , Won Hwa Kim

A commonly used paradigm for representing graphs is to use a vector that contains normalized frequencies of occurrence of certain motifs or sub-graphs. This vector representation can be used in a variety of applications, such as, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-05 Pinar Yanardag , S. V. N. Vishwanathan

Graph kernels are widely used for measuring the similarity between graphs. Many existing graph kernels, which focus on local patterns within graphs rather than their global properties, suffer from significant structure information loss when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Lingfei Wu , Ian En-Hsu Yen , Zhen Zhang , Kun Xu , Liang Zhao , Xi Peng , Yinglong Xia , Charu Aggarwal

The theoretical notions of graph classes with bounded expansion and that are nowhere dense are meant to capture structural sparsity of real world networks that can be used to design efficient algorithms. In the area of sparse graphs, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Wojciech Nadara

In general the problem of finding a miminum spanning tree for a weighted directed graph is difficult but solvable. There are a lot of differences between problems for directed and undirected graphs, therefore the algorithms for undirected…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-01-16 V. A. Buslov , V. A. Khudobakhshov

In the {\sc Hitting Set} problem, we are given a collection $\cal F$ of subsets of a ground set $V$ and an integer $p$, and asked whether $V$ has a $p$-element subset that intersects each set in $\cal F$. We consider two parameterizations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-11 Gregory Gutin , Mark Jones , Anders Yeo

Graph kernels are historically the most widely-used technique for graph classification tasks. However, these methods suffer from limited performance because of the hand-crafted combinatorial features of graphs. In recent years, graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Aosong Feng , Chenyu You , Shiqiang Wang , Leandros Tassiulas

Kernel methods are considered an effective technique for on-line learning. Many approaches have been developed for compactly representing the dual solution of a kernel method when the problem imposes memory constraints. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-21 Giovanni Da San Martino , Nicolò Navarin , Alessandro Sperduti

Graph kernels methods are based on an implicit embedding of graphs within a vector space of large dimension. This implicit embedding allows to apply to graphs methods which where until recently solely reserved to numerical data. Within the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2008-10-21 François-Xavier Dupé , Luc Brun

We study $k$-colored kernels in $m$-colored digraphs. An $m$-colored digraph $D$ has $k$-colored kernel if there exists a subset $K$ of its vertices such that (i) from every vertex $v\notin K$ there exists an at most $k$-colored directed…

We develop a multi-kernel based regression method for graph signal processing where the target signal is assumed to be smooth over a graph. In multi-kernel regression, an effective kernel function is expressed as a linear combination of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-14 Arun Venkitaraman , Saikat Chatterjee , Peter Händel

Many real-world graphs or networks are temporal, e.g., in a social network persons only interact at specific points in time. This information directs dissemination processes on the network, such as the spread of rumors, fake news, or…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Lutz Oettershagen , Nils M. Kriege , Christopher Morris , Petra Mutzel

Convolutional kernels are basic and vital components of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In this paper, we equip convolutional kernels with shape attributes to generate the deep Irregular Convolutional Neural Networks (ICNN).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Jiabin Ma , Wei Wang , Liang Wang

We give a kernel with $O(k^7)$ vertices for Trivially Perfect Editing, the problem of adding or removing at most $k$ edges in order to make a given graph trivially perfect. This answers in affirmative an open question posed by Nastos and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-12-25 Pål Grønås Drange , Michał Pilipczuk

The notion of Turing kernelization investigates whether a polynomial-time algorithm can solve an NP-hard problem, when it is aided by an oracle that can be queried for the answers to bounded-size subproblems. One of the main open problems…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Bart M. P. Jansen , Marcin Pilipczuk , Marcin Wrochna