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With growing complexity and responsibility of automated driving functions in road traffic and growing scope of their operational design domains, there is increasing demand for covering significant parts of development, validation, and…

With the rise of software-defined vehicles (SDVs), where software governs most vehicle functions alongside enhanced connectivity, the need for secure software updates has become increasingly critical. Software vulnerabilities can severely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Martin Slind Hagen , Emil Lundqvist , Alex Phu , Yenan Wang , Kim Strandberg , Elad Michael Schiller

Robotics and Autonomous Systems are increasingly deployed in safety-critical domains, so that demonstrating their safety is essential. Assurance Cases (ACs) provide structured arguments supported by evidence, but generating and maintaining…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Fang Yan , Simon Foster , Ana Cavalcanti , Ibrahim Habli , James Baxter

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is the key requisite for their acceptance in society. This complexity is the core challenge in formally proving their safety conditions with AI-based black-box controllers and surrounding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Tsutomu Kobayashi , Martin Bondu , Fuyuki Ishikawa

With growing complexity and criticality of automated driving functions in road traffic and their operational design domains (ODD), there is increasing demand for covering significant proportions of development, validation, and verification…

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) must navigate dynamic urban environments where occlusions and perception limitations introduce significant uncertainties. This research builds upon and extends existing approaches in risk-aware motion planning and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Korbinian Moller , Luis Schwarzmeier , Johannes Betz

Context: Simulation-based testing is a cost-efficient alternative to field testing for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), but generating safety-critical test cases is challenging due to the vast search space. Prior work has studied static (road…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Victor Crespo-Rodriguez , Christian Birchler , Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti , Sebastiano Panichella

Scenario-based testing using simulations is a cornerstone of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) software validation. So far, developers needed to choose between low-fidelity 2D simulators to explore the scenario space efficiently, and high-fidelity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marc Kaufeld , Korbinian Moller , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini , Johannes Betz

This paper summarizes our formal approach to testing autonomous vehicles (AVs) in simulation for the IEEE AV Test Challenge. We demonstrate a systematic testing framework leveraging our previous work on formally-driven simulation for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Kesav Viswanadha , Francis Indaheng , Justin Wong , Edward Kim , Ellen Kalvan , Yash Pant , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia

Autonomous driving has made significant progress in both academia and industry, including performance improvements in perception task and the development of end-to-end autonomous driving systems. However, the safety and robustness…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jingzheng Li , Xianglong Liu , Shikui Wei , Zhijun Chen , Bing Li , Qing Guo , Xianqi Yang , Yanjun Pu , Jiakai Wang

While current automotive safety standards provide implicit guidance on how unreasonable risk can be avoided, manufacturers are required to specify risk acceptance criteria for Automated Driving Systems (SAE Level 3 and higher). However, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-11 Nayel Fabian Salem , Thomas Kirschbaum , Marcus Nolte , Christian Lalitsch-Schneider , Robert Graubohm , Jan Reich , Markus Maurer

Autonomous systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in new vehicles. Due to their environmental friendliness and their remarkable capability to significantly enhance road safety, these vehicles have gained widespread recognition and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Reem Alhabib , Poonam Yadav

Despite the increasing testing operations of automated vehicles on public roads, media reports on incidents show that safety issues caused by automated driving systems persist to this day. Manufacturers face high development uncertainty…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Marvin Loba , Nayel Fabian Salem , Marcus Nolte , Andreas Dotzler , Dieter Ludwig , Markus Maurer

Industrial cyber-physical systems are hybrid systems with strict safety requirements. Despite not having a formal semantics, most of these systems are modeled using Stateflow/Simulink for mainly two reasons: (1) it is easier to model, test,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Nima Roohi , Ramneet Kaur , James Weimer , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

With Highly Automated Driving (HAD), the driver can engage in non-driving-related tasks. In the event of a system failure, the driver is expected to reasonably regain control of the Automated Vehicle (AV). Incorrect system understanding may…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Milin Patel , Rolf Jung , Yasin Cakir

Existing definitions and associated conceptual frameworks for computer-based system safety should be revisited in light of real-world experiences from deploying autonomous vehicles. Current terminology used by industry safety standards…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Philip Koopman , William Widen

The use of autonomous vehicles in real-world applications is often precluded by the difficulty of providing safety guarantees for their complex controllers. The simulation-based testing of these controllers cannot deliver sufficient safety…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Simon Foster , Mario Gleirscher , Radu Calinescu

The deployment of Automated Vehicles (AVs) is expected to address road transport externalities (e.g., safety, traffic, environmental impact, etc.). For this reason, a legal framework for their large-scale market introduction and deployment…

With the increasing presence of autonomous SAE level 3 and level 4, which incorporate artificial intelligence software, along with the complex technical challenges they present, it is essential to maintain a high level of functional safety…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Vikas Vyas , Zheyuan Xu

The rapid progress of autonomous vehicles~(AVs) has brought the prospect of a driverless future closer than ever. Recent fatalities, however, have emphasized the importance of safety validation through large-scale testing. Multiple…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Huijia Sun , Christopher M. Poskitt , Yang Sun , Jun Sun , Yuqi Chen