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The scope of automotive functions has grown from a single-vehicle as an entity to multiple vehicles working together as an entity, referred to as cooperative driving. The current automotive safety standard, ISO 26262, is designed for single…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sangeeth Kochanthara , Niels Rood , Arash Khabbaz Saberi , Loek Cleophas , Yanja Dajsuren , Mark van den Brand

This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Moj Arab

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being rapidly introduced into our lives. However, public misunderstanding and mistrust have become prominent issues hindering the acceptance of these driverless technologies. The primary objective of this study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Zhijie Qiao , Helen Loeb , Venkata Gurrla , Matt Lebermann , Johannes Betz , Rahul Mangharam

One of the challenges in designing safe, reliable and trustworthy Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) is to ensure that the AVs abide by traffic rules. For this, the AVs need to be able to understand and reason about traffic rules. In previous work,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Gleifer Vaz Alves , Maike Schwammberger

Automated Vehicles (AVs) hold promise for revolutionizing transportation by improving road safety, traffic efficiency, and overall mobility. Despite the steady advancement in high-level AVs in recent years, the transition to full automation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yongqi Dong , Bart van Arem , Haneen Farah

Scenario-based testing is considered state-of-the-art to verify and validate Advanced Driver Assistance Systems or Automated Driving Systems. Due to the official launch of the SOTIF-standard (ISO 21448), scenario-based testing becomes more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Lukas Birkemeyer , Christian King , Ina Schaefer

The validation of requirements is a fundamental step in the development process of safety-critical systems. In safety critical applications such as aerospace, avionics and railways, the use of formal methods is of paramount importance both…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-06-28 Alessandro Cimatti , Marco Roveri , Angelo Susi , Stefano Tonetta

Simulation-based testing remains the main approach for validating Autonomous Driving Systems. We propose a rigorous test method based on breaking down scenarios into simple ones, taking into account the fact that autopilots make decisions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are expected to bring considerable benefits to society, such as traffic optimization and accidents reduction. They rely heavily on advances in many Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches and techniques. However,…

Evaluating the safety of an autonomous vehicle (AV) depends on the behavior of surrounding agents which can be heavily influenced by factors such as environmental context and informally-defined driving etiquette. A key challenge is in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Karen Leung , Sushant Veer , Edward Schmerling , Marco Pavone

Context: Demonstrating high reliability and safety for safety-critical systems (SCSs) remains a hard problem. Diverse evidence needs to be combined in a rigorous way: in particular, results of operational testing with other evidence from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Xingyu Zhao , Kizito Salako , Lorenzo Strigini , Valentin Robu , David Flynn

Autonomous systems must sustain justified confidence in their correctness and safety across their operational lifecycle-from design and deployment through post-deployment evolution. Traditional assurance methods often separate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Dhaminda B. Abeywickrama , Michael Fisher , Frederic Wheeler , Louise Dennis

Validating Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is a strategic issue, since such systems are becoming increasingly widespread in the automotive field. ADAS bring extra comfort to drivers, and this has become a selling point. But these…

Formal methods refer to rigorous, mathematical approaches to system development and have played a key role in establishing the correctness of safety-critical systems. The main building blocks of formal methods are models and specifications,…

Modern Automated Driving (AD) systems rely on safety measures to handle faults and to bring vehicle to a safe state. To eradicate lethal road accidents, car manufacturers are constantly introducing new perception as well as control systems.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Yuting Fu , Andrei Terechko , Jan Friso Groote , Arash Khabbaz Saberi

While autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has shown substantial progress, we still lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de-facto}$ evaluation method, is dangerous to the public. Moreover, due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Justin Norden , Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha

Ensuring safety in autonomous systems with vision-based control remains a critical challenge due to the high dimensionality of image inputs and the fact that the relationship between true system state and its visual manifestation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xinhang Ma , Junlin Wu , Hussein Sibai , Yiannis Kantaros , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Automated vehicles (AVs) are of great potential in reducing crashes on the road. However, it is still complicated to eliminate all the possible accidents, especially those with vulnerable road users (VRUs), who are among the greater risk…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Aditya Deshmukh , Zifei Wang , Aaron Gunn , Huizhong Guo , Rini Sherony , Fred Feng , Brian Lin , Shan Bao , Feng Zhou

In recent years, formal methods have been extensively used in the design of autonomous systems. By employing mathematically rigorous techniques, formal methods can provide fully automated reasoning processes with provable safety guarantees…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Xiang Yin , Bingzhao Gao , Xiao Yu

In this paper, we present ViSTA, a framework for Virtual Scenario-based Testing of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), developed as part of the 2021 IEEE Autonomous Test Driving AI Test Challenge. Scenario-based virtual testing aims to construct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Mohamed Azhar , Jing Yew Yap , James Lee Wei Shung , Roshan Vijay