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We observe a high level of imbalance in the accuracy of different classes in the same old task for the first time. This intriguing phenomenon, discovered in replay-based Class Incremental Learning (CIL), highlights the imbalanced forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Shixiong Xu , Gaofeng Meng , Xing Nie , Bolin Ni , Bin Fan , Shiming Xiang

Existing continual learning (CL) research regards catastrophic forgetting (CF) as almost the only challenge. This paper argues for another challenge in class-incremental learning (CIL), which we call cross-task class discrimination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yiduo Guo , Bing Liu , Dongyan Zhao

While many-shot ICL achieves remarkable performance, prior studies of its scaling behavior have mainly focused on non-reasoning tasks. In this work, we study many-shot ICL on reasoning tasks, with a particular focus on many-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tsz Ting Chung , Lemao Liu , Mo Yu , Dit-Yan Yeung

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

Over the past few decades, combinatorial solvers have seen remarkable performance improvements, enabling their practical use in real-world applications. In some of these applications, ensuring the correctness of the solver's output is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Dieter Vandesande , Jordi Coll , Bart Bogaerts

Continual learning (CL) learns a sequence of tasks incrementally. There are two popular CL settings, class incremental learning (CIL) and task incremental learning (TIL). A major challenge of CL is catastrophic forgetting (CF). While a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Gyuhak Kim , Changnan Xiao , Tatsuya Konishi , Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu

Curriculum learning (CL), motivated by the intuition that learning in increasing order of difficulty should ease generalization, is commonly adopted both in pre-training and post-training of large language models (LLMs). The intuition of CL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Maximilian Mordig , Andreas Opedal , Weiyang Liu , Bernhard Schölkopf

Because CDCL produces proofs in the Resolution proof system, problems provably hard for Resolution are also provably hard for CDCL. Exponentially shorter proofs can sometimes be found using stronger proof systems such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Paul Beame , Glenn Sun

The success of Conflict Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) for Boolean satisfiability has inspired adoption in other domains. We present a novel lifting of CDCL to program analysis called Abstract Conflict Driven Learning for Programs (ACDLP).…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Rajdeep Mukherjee , Peter Schrammel , Leopold Haller , Daniel Kroening , Tom Melham

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) and SAT solvers are critical components in many formal software tools, primarily due to the fact that they are able to easily solve logical problem instances with millions of variables and clauses. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Gereon Kremer , Erika Abraham , Vijay Ganesh

In this paper, we revisit an important issue of CDCL-based SAT solvers, namely the learned clauses database management policies. Our motivation takes its source from a simple observation on the remarkable performances of both random and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-02-11 Said Jabbour , Jerry Lonlac , Lakhdar Sais , Yakoub Salhi

Continual learning (CL) aims to constantly learn new knowledge over time while avoiding catastrophic forgetting on old tasks. In this work, we focus on continual text classification under the class-incremental setting. Recent CL studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Yifan Song , Peiyi Wang , Dawei Zhu , Tianyu Liu , Zhifang Sui , Sujian Li

Continual Learning (CL) investigates how to train Deep Networks on a stream of tasks without incurring forgetting. CL settings proposed in literature assume that every incoming example is paired with ground-truth annotations. However, this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-30 Matteo Boschini , Pietro Buzzega , Lorenzo Bonicelli , Angelo Porrello , Simone Calderara

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently achieved great success in mining the user-item interactions for collaborative filtering. As a major paradigm, contrastive learning (CL) based SSL helps address data sparsity in Web platforms by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Dan Zhang , Yangliao Geng , Wenwen Gong , Zhongang Qi , Zhiyu Chen , Xing Tang , Ying Shan , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Relational autocompletion is the problem of automatically filling out some missing values in multi-relational data. We tackle this problem within the probabilistic logic programming framework of Distributional Clauses (DC), which supports…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Kumar Nitesh , Kuzelka Ondrej , De Raedt Luc

The Model-Constructing Satisfiability Calculus (MCSAT) framework has been applied to SMT problems over various arithmetic theories. NLSAT, an implementation using cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) for explanation, is especially…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhonghan Wang

The rehearsal strategy is widely used to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting problem in class incremental learning (CIL) by preserving limited exemplars from previous tasks. With imbalanced sample numbers between old and new classes, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Xiuwei Chen , Xiaobin Chang

Continual Learning (CL, sometimes also termed incremental learning) is a flavor of machine learning where the usual assumption of stationary data distribution is relaxed or omitted. When naively applying, e.g., DNNs in CL problems, changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Benedikt Bagus , Alexander Gepperth , Timothée Lesort

Traditional Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers based on the conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) framework fare poorly on formulas involving large numbers of parity constraints. The CryptoMiniSat solver augments CDCL with Gauss-Jordan…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Mate Soos , Randal E. Bryant

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables pretrained LLMs to adapt to downstream tasks by conditioning on a small set of input-output demonstrations, without any parameter updates. Although there have been many theoretical efforts to explain how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Xuhan Tong , Yuchen Zeng , Jiawei Zhang