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Exceptional points (EPs) are singularities in the parameter space of a non-Hermitian system where eigenenergies and eigenstates coincide. They hold promise for enhancing sensing applications, but this is limited by the divergence of shot…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-07 Xu Zheng , Y. D. Chong

Distinct from closed quantum systems, non-Hermitian system can have exceptional points (EPs) where both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce. Recently, it has been proposed and demonstrated that EPs can enhance the performance of sensors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Mengzhen Zhang , William Sweeney , Chia Wei Hsu , Lan Yang , A. D. Stone , Liang Jiang

Exceptional-point (EP) sensors are characterized by a square-root resonant frequency bifurcation in response to an external perturbation. This has lead numerous suggestions for using these systems for sensing applications. However, there is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Hudson A. Loughlin , Vivishek Sudhir

While boosting signals with amplification mechanisms is a well established approach, attenuation mechanisms are typically considered an anathema because they degrade the efficiency of the structures employed to perform useful operations on…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Abhishek Gupta , Arkady Kurnosov , Tsampikos Kottos , Ramathasan Thevamaran

Exceptional points (EPs) have been suggested for ultra-sensitive sensing because the eigenfrequency splitting grows as the nth-root of a perturbation, suggesting divergent responsivity. In ideal linear devices, however, this responsivity…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-25 Todd Darcie , J. Stewart Aitchison

An efficient mass sensor based on exceptional points (EPs), engineered under synthetic magnetism requirement, is proposed. The benchmark system consists of an electromechanical (optomechanical) system where an electric (optical) field is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-02-09 S. R. Mbokop Tchounda , P. Djorwé , S. G. Nana Engo , B. Djafari-Rouhani

Exceptional point degeneracies (EPD) of linear non-Hermitian systems have been recently utilized for hypersensitive sensing. This proposal exploits the sublinear response that the degenerate frequencies experience once the system is…

Transmission peak degeneracies (TPDs) have emerged as a promising alternative to exceptional points (EPs) for non-Hermitian sensing, providing square-root frequency splitting without the eigenbasis collapse and associated noise…

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems offer a remarkably strong response to weak perturbations, but the nonorthogonal nature of the corresponding eigenvectors causes noise to diverge, hindering EPs practical application. Here,…

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians describing open systems can feature singularities called exceptional points (EPs). Resonant frequencies become strongly dependent on externally applied perturbations near an EP which has given rise to the concept…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-02 Heming Wang , Yu-Hung Lai , Zhiquan Yuan , Myoung-Gyun Suh , Kerry Vahala

We propose an efficient optomechanical mass sensor operating at exceptional points (EPs), non-hermitian degeneracies where eigenvalues of a system and their corresponding eigenvectors simultaneously coalesce. The benchmark system consists…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-08-07 P. Djorwé , Y. Pennec , B. Djafari-Rouhani

The heightened sensitivity observed in non-Hermitian systems at exceptional points (EPs) has garnered significant attention. Typical EP sensor implementations rely on precise measurements of spectra and importantly, for real time sensing…

Optics · Physics 2023-10-18 Parul Sharma , Brijesh Kumar , Nihar Ranjan Sahoo , Anshuman Kumar

Systems operating at exceptional points (EPs) are highly responsive to small perturbations, making them suitable for sensing applications. Although this feature impedes the system working exactly at an EP due to imperfections arising during…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-19 Shahab Ramezanpour

Experiments near the lock-in region in maximally dissipative non-Hermitian systems, e.g., conventional laser gyroscopes near the deadband, have run up against the Petermann limit, where excess noise exactly cancels any scale-factor…

Recently, sensors with resonances at exceptional points (EPs) have been suggested to have a vastly improved sensitivity due to the extraordinary scaling of the complex frequency splitting of the $n$ initially degenerate modes with the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 W. Langbein

Exceptional points (EPs) refer to degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems where two or more eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors coalesce. Recently, there has been growing interest in harnessing EPs to enhance the responsivity of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-02-06 Xingyu Lu , Yang Yuan , Fa Chen , Xiaoxiao Hou , Yanlong Guo , Leonhard Reindl , Wei Luo , Degang Zhao

Rydberg atoms, with their large transition dipole moments and extreme sensitivity to electric fields, have attracted widespread attention as promising candidates for next-generation quantum precision electrometry. Meanwhile, exceptional…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Chao Liang , Ce Yang , Wei Huang , Li You

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems have recently attracted wide interests and spawned intriguing prospects for enhanced sensing. However, EPs have not yet been realized in thermal atomic ensembles, which is one of the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Chao Liang , Yuanjiang Tang , An-Ning Xu , Yong-Chun Liu

Phase transitions can dramatically alter system dynamics, unlocking new behavior and improving performance. Exceptional points (EPs), where the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of a coupled linear system coalesce, are particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Hanfeng Wang , Kurt Jacobs , Donald Fahey , Yong Hu , Dirk R. Englund , Matthew E. Trusheim

Exceptional points (EPs), singularities of non-Hermitian physics where complex spectral resonances degenerate, are one of the most exotic features of nonequilibrium open systems with unique properties. For instance, the emission rate of…

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