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Full waveform inversion is an ill-posed inverse problem whose solution non-uniqueness -- i.e., arising from band-limited, finite-aperture, noisy data -- calls for uncertainty quantification to avoid overconfident geological interpretations.…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-27 Kamal Aghazade , Ali Siahkoohi , Ali Gholami

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a waveform matching procedure, which can provide a subsurface model with a wavelength-scale resolution. However, this high resolution makes FWI prone to cycle skipping, which drives the inversion to a local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stéphane Operto

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is today a standard process for the inverse problem of seismic imaging. PDE-constrained optimization is used to determine unknown parameters in a wave equation that represent geophysical properties. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Bjorn Engquist , Yunan Yang

Efficient frequency-domain Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) of long-offset node data can be designed with a few discrete frequencies hence allowing for compact volume of data to be managed. Moreover, attenuation effects can be…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-10-29 P. -H. Tournier , P. Jolivet , V. Dolean , H. S. Aghamiry , S. Operto , S. Riffo

This study proposes a high-performance dual-parameter full waveform inversion framework (FWI) for ground-penetrating radar (GPR), accelerated through the hybrid compilation of CUDA kernel functions and PyTorch. The method leverages the…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-06-26 Lei Liu , Chao Song , Liangsheng He , Silin Wang , Xuan Feng , Cai Liu

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful technique for reconstructing high-resolution material parameters from seismic or ultrasound data. The conventional least-squares (\(L^{2}\)) misfit suffers from pronounced non-convexity that leads…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Matej Neumann , Yunan Yang

The Hessian matrix plays an important role in correct interpretation of the multiple scattered wave fields inside the FWI frame work. Due to the high computational costs, the computation of the Hessian matrix is not feasible. Consequently,…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-04-21 S. M. Aydin Shoja , Giovanni A. Meles , Kees Wapenaar

Seismic inversion is a core problem in geophysical exploration, where traditional methods suffer from high computational costs and are susceptible to initial model dependence. In recent years, deep generative model-based seismic inversion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Haofei Xu , Wei Cheng , Sizhe Li , Jie Xiong

We introduce ELECTRAFI, a fast, end-to-end differentiable model for predicting periodic charge densities in crystalline materials. ELECTRAFI constructs anisotropic Gaussians in real space and exploits their closed-form Fourier transforms to…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-29 Jonas Elsborg , Felix Ærtebjerg , Luca Thiede , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Tejs Vegge , Arghya Bhowmik

Ultrasound computed tomography is emerging as a promising safe and accessible modality for soft-tissue medical imaging, with full waveform inversion playing a key role in unlocking its full potential for high-resolution, quantitative…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Yifei Sun , Yubing Li , Chang Su , Lekang Jiang , Xiangwei Lu , Ligang Cui , He Sun , Weijun Lin

We study an entropy-based framework to analyze gravitational-wave signals from core-collapse supernovae. We use waveforms generated by numerical simulations and analyze them in both the time domain and the time-frequency domain using…

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) estimates unknown parameters in the wave equation from limited boundary measurements. Recent advances in neural reparameterized FWI (NeurFWI) demonstrate that representing the parameters using a neural network…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-05-15 Ruihua Chen , Yisi Luo , Bangyu Wu , Xile Zhao , Deyu Meng

This paper presents a level-set based structural approach for the joint inversion of full-waveform and gravity data. The joint inversion aims to integrate the strengths of full-waveform inversion for high resolution imaging and gravity…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-09-09 Xingyu Deng , Jianfeng Zhao , Wenbin Li , Jianwei Ma

Non-invasive subsurface imaging using full waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to fundamentally change engineering site characterization by enabling the recovery of high resolution 2D/3D maps of subsurface stiffness. Yet, the…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-06-01 Joseph P. Vantassel , Krishna Kumar , Brady R. Cox

This paper concerns the inverse source scattering problems of recovering random sources for acoustic and elastic waves. The underlying sources are assumed to be random functions driven by an additive white noise. The inversion process aims…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Yan Chang , Yukun Guo , Zhipeng Yang , Yue Zhao

We propose and test the Direct Waveform Inversion (DWI) scheme to simultaneously invert for layered velocity and density profiles, using reflection seismic waveforms recorded on the surface. The recorded data include primary reflections and…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-08-10 Zhonghan Liu , Yingcai Zheng , Hua-Wei Zhou

Due to its non-invasive and non-radiating nature, along with its low cost, ultrasound (US) imaging is widely used in medical applications. Typical B-mode US images have limited resolution and contrast and weak physical interpretation.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-18 Avner Shultzman , Yonina C. Eldar

Reconstructing scalar fields from error-embedded gradient measurements is a fundamental linear inverse problem with broad applications in computational physics. Conventional approaches, such as Poisson-based solvers and the Green's Function…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-26 Zejian You , Mohamed Amine Abassi , Xiaofeng Liu , Qi Wang

Conventional Full Waveform Inversion requires calculating the objective function to be minimized and construction a gradient using the whole property model, when is often the case where geoscientist are only interested in a local region. In…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-05-22 Fernanda Farias , Reynam Pestana

Ultrasonic imaging methods often assume linear direct models, while in reality, many nonlinear phenomena are present, e.g. multiple reflections. A family of imaging methods called Full Waveform Inversion (FWI), which has been developed in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Daniel Rossato , Thiago Alberto Rigo Passarin , Gustavo Pinto Pires , Daniel Rodrigues Pipa