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Network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined network (SDN) have become emerging network paradigms, allowing virtualized network function (VNF) deployment at a low cost. Even though VNF deployment can be flexible, it is still…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Namjin Seo , DongNyeong Heo , Heeyoul Choi

Cloud computing is a reliable solution to provide distributed computation power. However, real-time response is still challenging regarding the enormous amount of data generated by the IoT devices in 5G and 6G networks. Thus, multi-access…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Anahita Mazloomi , Hani Sami , Jamal Bentahar , Hadi Otrok , Azzam Mourad

Methods like multi-agent reinforcement learning struggle to scale with growing population size. Mean-field games (MFGs) are a game-theoretic approach that can circumvent this by finding a solution for an abstract infinite population, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

The intersection of Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) has fostered a growing family of algorithms designed to solve large-scale multi-agent systems. However, the field currently lacks a standardized evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Lorenzo Magnino , Jiacheng Shen , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Mathieu Laurière

Reinforcement learning is a powerful tool to learn the optimal policy of possibly multiple agents by interacting with the environment. As the number of agents grow to be very large, the system can be approximated by a mean-field problem.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Weichen Wang , Jiequn Han , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang

In the management of computer network systems, the service function chaining (SFC) modules play an important role by generating efficient paths for network traffic through physical servers with virtualized network functions (VNF). To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-18 DongNyeong Heo , Doyoung Lee , Hee-Gon Kim , Suhyun Park , Heeyoul Choi

In this book chapter, we study a problem of distributed content caching in an ultra-dense edge caching network (UDCN), in which a large number of small base stations (SBSs) prefetch popular files to cope with the ever-growing user demand in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Hyesung Kim , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis , Seong-Lyun Kim , Mérouane Debbah

The mean-field framework has been used to find approximate solutions to problems involving very large populations of symmetric, anonymous agents, which may be intractable by other methods. The cooperative mean-field control (MFC) problem…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

In this paper, we consider a finite horizon, non-stationary, mean field games (MFG) with a large population of homogeneous players, sequentially making strategic decisions, where each player is affected by other players through an aggregate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Rajesh K Mishra , Deepanshu Vasal , Sriram Vishwanath

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is enabling the softwarization of traditional network services, commonly deployed in dedicated hardware, into generic hardware in form of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), which can be located flexibly…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Francisco Carpio , Wolgang Bziuk , Admela Jukan

In multi-provider 5G/6G networks, service delegation enables administrative domains to federate in provisioning NFV network services. Admission control is fundamental in selecting the appropriate deployment domain to maximize average profit…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Bahador Bakhshi , Josep Mangues-Bafalluy , Jorge Baranda

Service function chaining (SFC) is promising to implement flexible and scalable virtual network infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT). Edge computing is envisioned to be an effective solution to process huge amount of IoT…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Jing Liu , Guochu Shou , Qingtian Wang , Yaqiong Liu , Yihong Hu , Zhigang Guo

To support future 6G mobile applications, the mobile edge computing (MEC) network needs to be jointly optimized for computing, pushing, and caching to reduce transmission load and computation cost. To achieve this, we propose a framework…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Xiangyu Gao , Yaping Sun , Hao Chen , Xiaodong Xu , Shuguang Cui

Network functions virtualization (NFV) is a new concept that has received the attention of both researchers and network providers. NFV decouples network functions from specialized hardware devices and virtualizes these network functions as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Samane Asgari , Shahram Jamali , Reza Fotohi , Mahdi Nooshyar

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) and network function virtualization (NFV) are promising technologies to support emerging IoT applications, especially those computation-intensive. In NFV-enabled MEC environment, service function chain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Xinhan Wang , Huanlai Xing , Fuhong Song , Shouxi Luo , Penglin Dai , Bowen Zhao

Stochastic games provide a framework for interactions among multiple agents and enable a myriad of applications. In these games, agents decide on actions simultaneously, the state of every agent moves to the next state, and each agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Mridul Agarwal , Vaneet Aggarwal , Arnob Ghosh , Nilay Tiwari

Mean-field games (MFGs) are a modeling framework for systems with a large number of interacting agents. They have applications in economics, finance, and game theory. Normalizing flows (NFs) are a family of deep generative models that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-24 Han Huang , Jiajia Yu , Jie Chen , Rongjie Lai

Non-cooperative and cooperative games with a very large number of players have many applications but remain generally intractable when the number of players increases. Introduced by Lasry and Lions, and Huang, Caines and Malham\'e, Mean…

Mean-field control (MFC) offers a scalable solution to the curse of dimensionality in multi-agent systems but traditionally hinges on the restrictive assumption of exchangeability via dense, all-to-all interactions. In this work, we bridge…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Tobias Schmidt , Kai Cui

We consider online reinforcement learning in Mean-Field Games (MFGs). Unlike traditional approaches, we alleviate the need for a mean-field oracle by developing an algorithm that approximates the Mean-Field Equilibrium (MFE) using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Alec Koppel , Sujay Bhatt , Tamer Başar