Related papers: The Open Coloring Axiom

Given a graph $G$ and a real $\varepsilon>0$, an edge-coloring of $G$ is called $\varepsilon$-balanced if each color appears on at least an $\varepsilon$-fraction of the edges in $G$. A classical result of Erd\H{o}s and Szemer\'{e}di…

We prove two colorful Carath\'eodory theorems for strongly convex hulls, generalizing the colorful Carat\'eodory theorem for ordinary convexity by Imre B\'ar\'any, the non-colorful Carath\'eodory theorem for strongly convex hulls by the…

Hadwiger's conjecture is one of the most important and long-standing conjectures in graph theory. Reed and Seymour showed in 2004 that Hadwiger's conjecture is true for line graphs. We investigate this conjecture on the closely related…

Many graph coloring proofs proceed by showing that a minimal counterexample to the theorem being proved cannot contain certain configurations, and then showing that each graph under consideration contains at least one such configuration;…

Ramsey's theorem, concerning the guarantee of certain monochromatic patterns in large enough edge-coloured complete graphs, is a fundamental result in combinatorial mathematics. In this work, we highlight the connection between this…

A celebrated but non-effective theorem of Tibor Gallai states that for any finite set $A$ of $\Z^n$ and for any finite number of colors $c$ there is a minimal $m$ such that no coloring of the finite $m^n$-grid can avoid that a homothetic…

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ whose vertices have been properly coloured, we say that a path in $G$ is "colourful" if no two vertices in the path have the same colour. It is a corollary of the Gallai-Roy-Vitaver Theorem that every properly…

A vertex colouring of a graph is called asymmetric if the only automorphism which preserves it is the identity. Tucker conjectured that if every automorphism of a connected, locally finite graph moves infinitely many vertices, then there is…

Ramsey's theorem, in the version of Erd\H{o}s and Szekeres, states that every 2-coloring of the edges of the complete graph on {1, 2,...,n} contains a monochromatic clique of order 1/2\log n. In this paper, we consider two well-studied…

The thin set theorem $\mathsf{RT}^n_{<\infty,\ell}$ asserts the existence, for every $k$-coloring of the subsets of natural numbers of size $n$, of an infinite set of natural numbers, all of whose subsets of size $n$ use at most $\ell$…

We show that various analogs of Hindman's Theorem fail in a strong sense when one attempts to obtain uncountable monochromatic sets: Theorem 1: There exists a colouring $c:\mathbb R\rightarrow\mathbb Q$, such that for every…

One of the most important open problems in the field of graph colouring or even graph theory is the conjecture of Hadwiger. This conjecture was the inspiration for many mathematical works, one of them being the work of F\"uredi, Gy\'arf\'as…

Many of the strengthenings and extensions of the topological Tverberg theorem can be derived with surprising ease directly from the original theorem: For this we introduce a proof technique that combines a concept of "Tverberg unavoidable…

It is known that, for any finite coloring of the naturals, there exists distinct naturals $e_1,e_2,e_3,e_4$ that are the same color such that $e_1+e_2=e_3+e_4$. Consider the following statement which we denote S: For every…

Let G be a combinatorial graph with vertices V and edges E. A proper coloring of G is an assignment of colors to the vertices such that no edge connects two vertices of the same color. These are the colorings considered in the famous Four…

We answer a question posed by Hirschfeldt and Jockusch by showing that whenever $k > \ell$, Ramsey's theorem for singletons and $k$-colorings, $\mathsf{RT}^1_k$, is not strongly computably reducible to the stable Ramsey's theorem for…

We say that an edge colouring $c$ of a graph preserves an automorphism $\varphi$ if $\varphi$ maps each edge to an edge of the same colour. Otherwise, we say that $c$ breaks $\varphi$. We call an automorphism of a graph small if it moves…

We look at colourings of $r$-uniform hypergraphs, focusing our attention on unique colourability and gaps in the chromatic spectrum. The pattern of an edge $E$ in an $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$ whose vertices are coloured is the partition of…

The strongest type of coloring of pairs of countable ordinals, gotten by Todorcevic from a strongly Luzin set, is shown to be equivalent to the existence of a nonmeager set of reals of size $\aleph_1$. In the other direction, it is shown…

These notes are extracted from the lectures on forcing axioms and applications held by professor Matteo Viale at the University of Turin in the academic year 2011-2012. Our purpose is to give a brief account on forcing axioms with a special…