English

Strong failures of higher analogs of Hindman's theorem

Logic 2017-10-06 v4 Combinatorics

Abstract

We show that various analogs of Hindman's Theorem fail in a strong sense when one attempts to obtain uncountable monochromatic sets: Theorem 1: There exists a colouring c:RQc:\mathbb R\rightarrow\mathbb Q, such that for every XRX\subseteq\mathbb R with X=R|X|=|\mathbb R|, and every colour γQ\gamma\in\mathbb Q, there are two distinct elements x0,x1x_0,x_1 of XX for which c(x0+x1)=γc(x_0+x_1)=\gamma. This forms a simultaneous generalization of a theorem of Hindman, Leader and Strauss and a theorem of Galvin and Shelah. Theorem 2: For every Abelian group GG, there exists a colouring c:GQc:G\rightarrow\mathbb Q such that for every uncountable XGX\subseteq G, and every colour γ\gamma, for some large enough integer nn, there are pairwise distinct elements x0,,xnx_0,\ldots,x_n of XX such that c(x0++xn)=γc(x_0+\cdots+x_n)=\gamma. In addition, it is consistent that the preceding statement remains valid even after enlarging the set of colours from Q\mathbb Q to R\mathbb R. Theorem 3: Let κ\circledast_\kappa assert that for every Abelian group GG of cardinality κ\kappa, there exists a colouring c:GGc:G\rightarrow G such that for every positive integer nn, every X0,,Xn[G]κX_0,\ldots,X_n \in[G]^\kappa, and every γG\gamma\in G, there are x0X0,,xnXnx_0\in X_0,\ldots, x_n\in X_n such that c(x0++xn)=γc(x_0+\cdots+x_n)=\gamma. Then κ\circledast_\kappa holds for unboundedly many uncountable cardinals κ\kappa, and it is consistent that κ\circledast_\kappa holds for all regular uncountable cardinals κ\kappa.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1608.01512,
  title  = {Strong failures of higher analogs of Hindman's theorem},
  author = {David Fernández-Bretón and Assaf Rinot},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1608.01512},
  year   = {2017}
}

Comments

Final accepted version. For several of the earlier results that were stated only for regular cardinals, there is now a treatment of the singular cardinal case. Also, a new partition relation for the Real Line was obtained, see Theorem C3