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Two spatial regions $B$ and $R$ are hyperentangled if the generalized entropy satisfies $S_{\text{gen}}^{B\cup R}<S_{\text{gen}}^R$. If in addition all future (or all past) directed inward null shape deformations of $B$ decrease…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-30 Raphael Bousso , Arvin Shahbazi-Moghaddam

Bousso's entropy bound is a conjecture that the entropy through a null hypersurface emanating from a two-dimensional surface with a nonpositive expansion is bounded by the area of that two-dimensional surface. We investigate the validity of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-31 Takamasa Kanai , Kimihiro Nomura , Daisuke Yoshida

An extension of Penrose's singularity theorem is proved for spacetimes where black holes are allowed to form from non-singular initial data. With standard assumptions about the spacetime, and assuming the existence of a trapped surface…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-26 Alexander Vilenkin , Aron C. Wall

We consider singularity theorems in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes. In the first part, we discuss the global methods used to show geodesic incompleteness and see that when the conditions imposed in Hawking and Penrose's…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Akihiro Ishibashi , Kengo Maeda

We establish analogues of the Hawking and Penrose singularity theorems based on (a) averaged energy conditions with exponential damping; (b) conditions on local stress-energy averages inspired by the Quantum Energy Inequalities satisfied by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-02-01 Christopher J. Fewster , Gregory J. Galloway

A recent paper \cite{Bousso:2022cun} put forward a theorem showing that hyperentropic surface would result in incomplete null generators for a null hypersurface emanating from the surface provided it satisfies the null curvature condition…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-09 Vaibhav Kalvakota

In this short paper, Penrose's famous singularity theorem is applied to the Kerr space-time. In the case of the maximally extended space-time, the assumptions of Penrose's singularity theorem are not satisfied as the space-time is not…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-01 Jonathan Brook , Chris Stevens

We study static spherically symmetric solutions to Einstein's equations with a repulsive singularity at the centre. We show that geodesics are extendible across the singularity, so the singularity does not lead to pathological causality…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-14 Ntina Savvidou , Charis Anastopoulos

We show that known entropy bounds constrain the information carried off by radiation to null infinity. We consider distant, planar null hypersurfaces in asymptotically flat spacetime. Their focussing and area loss can be computed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-14 Raphael Bousso

Cosmological singularity theorems such as that of Hawking and Penrose assume local curvature conditions as well as global ones like the existence of a compact (achronal) slice. Here, we prove a new singularity theorem for chronological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-29 Martin Lesourd

We prove the Penrose-Wall singularity theorem in the full semiclassical gravity regime, significantly expanding its range of validity. To accomplish this, we modify the definition of quantum-trapped surfaces without affecting their…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-31 Raphael Bousso

We analyze the singularities of the two-point function in a conformal field theory at finite temperature. In a free theory, the only singularity is along the boundary light cone. In the holographic limit, a new class of singularities…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-31 Matthew Dodelson , Hirosi Ooguri

The singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose tell us that singularities are common place in general relativity. Singularities not only occur at the beginning of the Universe at the Big Bang, but also in complete gravitational collapses…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-20 Yen Chin Ong

Bousso has conjectured that in any spacetime satisfying Einstein's equation and satisfying the dominant energy condition, the "entropy flux" S through any null hypersurface L generated by geodesics with non-positive expansion starting from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Eanna E. Flanagan , Donald Marolf , Robert M. Wald

Standard singularity theorems are proven in Lorentzian manifolds of arbitrary dimension n if they contain closed trapped submanifolds of arbitrary co-dimension. By using the mean curvature vector to characterize trapped submanifolds, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-21 Gregory J. Galloway , José M. M. Senovilla

We establish that unitarity of scattering amplitudes imposes universal entropy bounds. The maximal entropy of a self-sustained quantum field object of radius R is equal to its surface area and at the same time to the inverse running…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-31 Gia Dvali

We show that singularities necessarily occur when a boundary of causality violating set exists in a space-time under the physically suitable assumptions except the global causality condition in the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-19 Kengo Maeda , Akihiro Ishibashi

Using a second law of complexity, we prove a black hole singularity theorem. By introducing the notion of trapped extremal surfaces, we show that their existence implies null geodesic incompleteness inside globally hyperbolic black holes.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-31 Vyshnav Mohan

Recent work has highlighted the deep connection between quantum information and spacetime geometry. Bousso and Shahbazi-Moghaddam (Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 231301 (2022)) proved that ``hyperentropic'' regions -- where entropy exceeds the area…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-24 Naman Kumar

We consider globally hyperbolic spacetimes with compact Cauchy surfaces in a setting compatible with the presence of a positive cosmological constant. More specifically, for 3+1 dimensional spacetimes which satisfy the null energy condition…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-13 Gregory J. Galloway , Eric Ling
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