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The expressive power of neural networks is important for understanding deep learning. Most existing works consider this problem from the view of the depth of a network. In this paper, we study how width affects the expressiveness of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Zhou Lu , Hongming Pu , Feicheng Wang , Zhiqiang Hu , Liwei Wang

We develop a convex analytic approach to analyze finite width two-layer ReLU networks. We first prove that an optimal solution to the regularized training problem can be characterized as extreme points of a convex set, where simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Tolga Ergen , Mert Pilanci

This survey provides an in-depth and explanatory review of the approximation properties of deep neural networks, with a focus on feed-forward and residual architectures. The primary objective is to examine how effectively neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Owen Davis , Mohammad Motamed

Deep neural networks (DNNs) trained with the logistic loss (i.e., the cross entropy loss) have made impressive advancements in various binary classification tasks. However, generalization analysis for binary classification with DNNs and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-23 Zihan Zhang , Lei Shi , Ding-Xuan Zhou

While deep learning has outperformed other methods for various tasks, theoretical frameworks that explain its reason have not been fully established. To address this issue, we investigate the excess risk of two-layer ReLU neural networks in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-07 Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

Neural networks activated by the rectified linear unit (ReLU) play a central role in the recent development of deep learning. The topic of approximating functions from H\"older spaces by these networks is crucial for understanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Tong Mao , Ding-Xuan Zhou

We establish novel rates for the Gaussian approximation of random deep neural networks with Gaussian parameters (weights and biases) and Lipschitz activation functions, in the wide limit. Our bounds apply for the joint output of a network…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-20 Dario Trevisan

Brenier proved that under certain conditions on a source and a target probability measure there exists a strictly convex function such that its gradient is a transport map from the source to the target distribution. This function is called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Claudia Drygala , Hanno Gottschalk , Thomas Kruse , Ségolène Martin , Annika Mütze

We prove several hardness results for training depth-2 neural networks with the ReLU activation function; these networks are simply weighted sums (that may include negative coefficients) of ReLUs. Our goal is to output a depth-2 neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Surbhi Goel , Adam Klivans , Pasin Manurangsi , Daniel Reichman

We study the convergence dynamics of Gradient Descent (GD) in a minimal binary classification setting, consisting of a two-neuron ReLU network and two training instances. We prove that even under these strong simplifying assumptions, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Guy Smorodinsky , Sveta Gimpleson , Itay Safran

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to achieve optimal approximation and estimation error rates (in minimax sense) in several function classes. However, previous analyzed optimal CNNs are unrealistically wide and difficult…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-15 Kenta Oono , Taiji Suzuki

Training a classifier under non-convex constraints has gotten increasing attention in the machine learning community thanks to its wide range of applications such as algorithmic fairness and class-imbalanced classification. However, several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-31 You-Lin Chen , Zhaoran Wang , Mladen Kolar

Neural networks have shown high successful performance in a wide range of tasks, but further studies are needed to improve its performance. We analyze the approximation error of the specific neural network architecture with a local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Jae-Mo Kang , Sunghwan Moon

We study the excess capacity of deep networks in the context of supervised classification. That is, given a capacity measure of the underlying hypothesis class - in our case, empirical Rademacher complexity - to what extent can we (a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Florian Graf , Sebastian Zeng , Bastian Rieck , Marc Niethammer , Roland Kwitt

Neural networks with random weights appear in a variety of machine learning applications, most prominently as the initialization of many deep learning algorithms and as a computationally cheap alternative to fully learned neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Sjoerd Dirksen , Martin Genzel , Laurent Jacques , Alexander Stollenwerk

This work studies the sampling complexity of learning with ReLU neural networks and neural operators. For mappings belonging to relevant approximation spaces, we derive upper bounds on the best-possible convergence rate of any learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Philipp Grohs , Samuel Lanthaler , Margaret Trautner

Neural networks can be trained to solve regression problems by using gradient-based methods to minimize the square loss. However, practitioners often prefer to reformulate regression as a classification problem, observing that training on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Lawrence Stewart , Francis Bach , Quentin Berthet , Jean-Philippe Vert

Modern deep learning models with great expressive power can be trained to overfit the training data but still generalize well. This phenomenon is referred to as \textit{benign overfitting}. Recently, a few studies have attempted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Yuanzhou Chen , Quanquan Gu

Overparameterized neural networks enjoy great representation power on complex data, and more importantly yield sufficiently smooth output, which is crucial to their generalization and robustness. Most existing function approximation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-10 Hao Liu , Minshuo Chen , Siawpeng Er , Wenjing Liao , Tong Zhang , Tuo Zhao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated dominating performance in many fields; since AlexNet, networks used in practice are going wider and deeper. On the theoretical side, a long line of works has been focusing on training neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li , Zhao Song
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