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Global feature effects such as partial dependence (PD) and accumulated local effects (ALE) plots are widely used to interpret black-box models. However, they are only estimates of true underlying effects, and their reliability depends on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Timo Heiß , Coco Bögel , Bernd Bischl , Giuseppe Casalicchio

In this work, we consider a multivariate regression model with one-sided errors. We assume for the regression function to lie in a general H\"{o}lder class and estimate it via a nonparametric local polynomial approach that consists of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-11 Leonie Selk , Charles Tillier , Orlando Marigliano

Traditionally, spline or kernel approaches in combination with parametric estimation are used to infer the linear coefficient (fixed effects) in a partially linear mixed-effects model for repeated measurements. Using machine learning…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-03 Corinne Emmenegger , Peter Bühlmann

Multivariate data occurs in a wide range of fields, with ever more flexible model specifications being proposed, often within a multivariate generalised linear mixed effects (MGLME) framework. In this article, we describe an extended…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-09 Michael J. Crowther

In evidence synthesis, effect modifiers are typically described as variables that induce treatment effect heterogeneity at the individual level, through treatment-covariate interactions in an outcome model parametrized at such level. As…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-07 Antonio Remiro-Azócar

The partial (ceteris paribus) effects of interest in nonlinear and interactive linear models are heterogeneous as they can vary dramatically with the underlying observed or unobserved covariates. Despite the apparent importance of…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-29 Victor Chernozhukov , Ivan Fernandez-Val , Ye Luo

Traditional parametric econometric models often rely on rigid functional forms, while nonparametric techniques, despite their flexibility, frequently lack interpretability. This paper proposes a parsimonious alternative by modeling the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-20 Ricardo Masini , Marcelo Medeiros

There has been a growing interest in covariate adjustment in the analysis of randomized controlled trials in past years. For instance, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently issued guidance that emphasizes the importance of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-12 Kelly Van Lancker , Frank Bretz , Oliver Dukes

Semiparametric regression offers a flexible framework for modeling non-linear relationships between a response and covariates. A prime example are generalized additive models where splines (say) are used to approximate non-linear functional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-05 Francis K. C. Hui , Chong You , Han Lin Shang , Samuel Müller

As machine learning systems become more ubiquitous, methods for understanding and interpreting these models become increasingly important. In particular, practitioners are often interested both in what features the model relies on and how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Andrew Yeh , Anhthy Ngo

We study a marginal empirical likelihood approach in scenarios when the number of variables grows exponentially with the sample size. The marginal empirical likelihood ratios as functions of the parameters of interest are systematically…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-07 Jinyuan Chang , Cheng Yong Tang , Yichao Wu

We study a new model where the potential outcomes, corresponding to the values of a (possibly continuous) treatment, are linked through common factors. The factors can be estimated using a panel of regressors. We propose a procedure to…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-01-09 Jad Beyhum

We propose a novel spike and slab prior specification with scaled beta prime marginals for the importance parameters of regression coefficients to allow for general effect selection within the class of structured additive distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-30 Nadja Klein , Manuel Carlan , Thomas Kneib , Stefan Lang , Helga Wagner

This paper builds on recent research that focuses on regression modeling of continuous bounded data, such as proportions measured on a continuous scale. Specifically, it deals with beta regression models with mixed effects from a Bayesian…

Fixed effect estimators of nonlinear panel data models suffer from the incidental parameter problem. This leads to two undesirable consequences in applied research: (1) point estimates are subject to large biases, and (2) confidence…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-04-18 Shuowen Chen

Estimation of causal effects using machine learning methods has become an active research field in econometrics. In this paper, we study the finite sample performance of meta-learners for estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects under…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-01 Gabriel Okasa

We consider regression models with parametric (linear or nonlinear) regression function and allow responses to be ``missing at random.'' We assume that the errors have mean zero and are independent of the covariates. In order to estimate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-24 Ursula U. Müller

Methods that rely on proxies, without imposing strong parametric structure, are increasingly used to deal with unobserved variables in causal inference. One influential line of this work reconstructs latent distributions used to identify…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Helen Guo , Ilya Shpitser , Elizabeth L. Ogburn

In this paper, we present a general specification for Functional Effects Models, which use Machine Learning (ML) methodologies to learn individual-specific preference parameters from socio-demographic characteristics, therefore accounting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-23 Nicolas Salvadé , Tim Hillel

In regression analysis, associations between continuous predictors and the outcome are often assumed to be linear. However, modeling the associations as non-linear can improve model fit. Many flexible modeling techniques, like (fractional)…