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During a cosmological first-order phase transition in a dark sector, fermion dark matter particles $\chi$ can form macroscopic Fermi balls that collapse to primordial black holes (PBHs) under certain conditions. The evaporation of the PBHs…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-23 Danny Marfatia , Po-Yan Tseng

The Reheating process at the end of inflation is often modeled by an oscillating scalar field which shows a background dust-like behaviour, prompting the analysis of gravitational collapse and black hole formation in this era to be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Luis E. Padilla , Juan Carlos Hidalgo , Karim A. Malik

When large overdensities gravitationally collapse in the early universe, they lead to primordial black holes (PBH). Depending on the exact model of inflation leading to necessary large perturbations at scales much smaller than scales probed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-27 Sukannya Bhattacharya

In this work, we assess the sensitivity reach of pulsar timing array (PTA) measurements to probe pointlike primordial black holes (PBHs), with an extended mass distribution, which originate from collapsed Fermi balls that are formed through…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-13 Jan Tristram Acuña , Po-Yan Tseng

We propose a new mechanism of primordial black hole formation via an interrupted phase transition during the early matter-dominated stage of reheating after inflation. In reheating, induced by the decay of a pressureless fluid dominating…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-28 Wen-Yuan Ai , Lucien Heurtier , Tae Hyun Jung

We present a novel mechanism for the production of primordial black holes (PBHs). The mechanism is based on a period of thermal inflation followed by fast-roll inflation due to tachyonic mass of order the Hubble scale. Large perturbations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-02 Konstantinos Dimopoulos , Tommi Markkanen , Antonio Racioppi , Ville Vaskonen

In recent years, the formation of primordial black holes (PBH) in the early universe inflationary cosmology has garnered significant attention. One plausible scenario for primordial black hole (PBH) formation arises during the preheating…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-10 Daniel del-Corral , Paolo Gondolo , K. Sravan Kumar , João Marto

Sufficiently strong and long-lasting first-order phase transitions can produce primordial black holes (PBHs) that contribute substantially to the dark matter abundance of the Universe, and can produce large-scale primordial magnetic fields.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-15 Shyam Balaji , João Gonçalves , Danny Marfatia , António P. Morais , Roman Pasechnik

We review the role of primordial black holes (PBHs) for illuminating the dark ages of the cosmological evolution and as dark matter (DM) candidates. We elucidate the role of phase transitions for primordial black hole formation in the early…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Maël Gonin , Oleksii Ivanytskyi , David Blaschke , Günther Hasinger

Cosmological first-order phase transitions (1stOPTs) are said to be strongly supercooled when the nucleation temperature is much smaller than the critical temperature. These are often encountered in theories that admit a nearly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-05 Yann Gouttenoire , Tomer Volansky

Primordial Black Hole Remnants(PBHRs) can be considered as a primary source of cold dark matter. Hybrid inflation provides a possible framework for production of primordial black holes(PBHs) and these PBHs evaporate subsequently to produce…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-05-23 Kourosh Nozari

The primordial black hole (PBH) formation is studied in light of the inflating curvaton. The typical scale of the PBH formation is determined by curvaton inflation, which may generate PBH with $10^{14}\mathrm{g}\le M_\mathrm{PBH}\le…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-06-05 Kazunori Kohri , Chia-Min Lin , Tomohiro Matsuda

We present a complete analytic and semi-analytic study of gravitational collapse and primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the quadratic $f(R)$ model $f(R)=R+\alpha R^2$. We first derive the perturbative expansion around General…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-07 G. G. L. Nashed

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are supposed to form from the collapse of over-densed regions generated by large scalar curvature perturbations in the radiation dominated era. Despite decades of various independent observations, the nature of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-08-31 Chen Yuan , Qing-Guo Huang

The possibility that dark matter particles could be constituted by extreme regular primordial black holes is discussed. Extreme black holes have zero surface temperature, and are not subjected to the Hawking evaporation process. Assuming…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-14 José Antonio de Freitas Pacheco

With the direct discovery of gravitational waves, black holes have regain interest in the recent years. In particular primordial black holes (PBHs), which originate from the very early Universe, may constitute (at least in part) dark…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-15 Alexandre Arbey

We investigate production of primordial black holes from first-order electroweak phase transition in the framework of the nearly aligned Higgs effective field theory, in which non-decoupling quantum effects are properly described. Since the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-18 Katsuya Hashino , Shinya Kanemura , Tomo Takahashi , Masanori Tanaka

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a useful tool in cosmology to probe primordial inhomogeneities on small scales that reenter the Hubble radius during the radiation dominated epoch. In this paper, a phenomenon we call the double formation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-10-20 Tomohiro Nakama

We consider the formation of horizon-size primordial black holes (PBH's) from pre-existing density fluctuations during cosmic phase transitions. It is pointed out that the formation of PBH's should be particularly efficient during the QCD…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-06 K. Jedamzik

We propose a new scenario for the formation of asteroid-mass primordial black holes (PBHs). Our mechanism is based on the annihilation of the string-wall network associated with the breaking of a $U(1)$ global symmetry into a discrete $Z_N$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-04 Graciela B. Gelmini , Jonah Hyman , Anna Simpson , Edoardo Vitagliano