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Extraneous motion of optical elements in an interferometer lead to excess noise. Typically, fluctuations in the effective path length lead to phase noise, while beam-pointing leads to apparent amplitude noise. For a transmissive optic…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-07-12 Vivishek Sudhir , Peter Fritschel , Nergis Mavalvala

Heterodyne interferometry for precision science often comes with an optical phase modulation, for example, for intersatellite clock noise transfer for gravitational wave (GW) detectors in space, exemplified by the Laser Interferometer Space…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-22 Kohei Yamamoto , Olaf Hartwig , Lennart Wissel , Holly Leopardi , Kenji Numata , Ryan Derosa

We describe a tool we improved to detect excess noise in the gravitational wave (GW) channel arising from its bilinear or nonlinear coupling with fluctuations of various components of a GW interferometer and its environment. We also…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-22 Sukanta Bose , Bernard Hall , Nairwita Mazumder , Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Anuradha Gupta , Andrew Lundgren

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a post-processing technique used to reduce laser noise in heterodyne interferometric measurements with unequal armlengths, a situation characteristic of space gravitational detectors such as Laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-14 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Martin Staab

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission aims to detect gravitational waves by interferometrically measuring the change of separation between free-falling test masses (TMs). LISA's interferometers must deliver pm/rtHz…

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a future space-based interferometric gravitational-wave detector consisting of three spacecraft in a triangular configuration. The interferometric measurements of path length changes between…

The omnipresent tilt-to-length coupling in two-beam laser interferometers, frequently a nuisance in precision measurements, vanishes for the singular case of two beams with identical parameters and complete detection of both beams without…

Optics · Physics 2015-02-03 Sönke Schuster , Gudrun Wanner , Michael Tröbs , Gerhard Heinzel

Infrared interferometers are optical devices that can measure optical path-length differences by measuring changes in the refractive index. Several arrangements can be deployed, from single channel devices to multichannel double color…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-16 Luis Esteban , Alberto Regadío , Ulises Losada

Space-based gravitational wave observatories, such as LISA, Taiji, and TianQin, employ long-baseline laser interferometry, necessitating displacement measurement sensitivity at 1 pm/$\sqrt{Hz}$ level. A significant challenge in achieving…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-31 Ya-Zheng Tao , Rui-Hong Gao , Hong-Bo Jin , Zhen-Xiang Hao , Gang Jin , Yue-Liang Wu

In a space based gravitational wave antenna like LISA, involving long light paths linking distant emitter/receiver spacecrafts, signal detection amounts to measuring the light-distance variationsthrough a phase change at the receiver. This…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-19 Jean-Yves Vinet , Nelson Christensen , Nicoleta Dinu-Jaeger , Michel Lintz , Nary Man , Mikhaël Pichot

The gravitational-wave detector is a complex and sensitive collection of advanced instruments that are impacted not only by mechanical/electronics systems but also by the surrounding environment. Hence, it is of great importance to classify…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-07 Piljong Jung , Sang Hoon Oh , Young-Min Kim , Edwin J. Son , Takaaki Yokozawa , Tatsuki Washimi , John J. Oh

Any search effort for gravitational waves (GW) using interferometric detectors like LIGO needs to be able to identify if and when noise is coupling into the detector's output signal. The Critical Coupling Likelihood (CCL) method has been…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-03 Cesar A. Costa , Cristina V. Torres

Cross-spectrum analysis is a commonly-used technique for the detection of phase and amplitude noise of a signal in the presence of interfering noise. It extracts the desired correlated noise from two time series in the presence of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-04-20 Archita Hati , Craig W. Nelson , David A. Howe

Pulsar timing is a valuable source of high-precision astrophysical measurements which can be used to probe gravitational physics, including by detecting gravitational waves. An important factor limiting the precision of these measurements…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-22 Ross J. Jennings , James M. Cordes , Shami Chatterjee , Maura A. McLaughlin

High-precision measurements are crucial for testing the fundamental laws of nature and for advancing the technological frontier. Clock interferometry, where particles with an internal clock are coherently split and recombined along two…

Detection of low frequency gravitational waves around 0.1 Hz is one of the important targets for future gravitational wave observation. One of the main sources of the expected signals is gravi- tational waves from binary intermediate-mass…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-05-09 Tomofumi Shimoda , Naoki Aritomi , Ayaka Shoda , Yuta Michimura , Masaki Ando

The main goal of this contribution is to explain how to use interlacing techniques for LTI controllers implementation and analyze different struc- tures in this environment. These considerations lead to an important com- putation saving in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Julian Salt

The aim of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is to detect gravitational waves through a phase modulation in long (2.5 Mkm) laser light links between spacecraft. Among other noise sources to be addressed are the phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-14 Jean-Yves Vinet , Nelson Christensen , Nicoleta Dinu-Jaeger , Michel Lintz , Nary Man , Mikhaël Pichot

Equal-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-25 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev V. Dhurandhar