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The stochastic processes underlying the growth and stability of biological and psychological systems reveal themselves when far from equilibrium. Far from equilibrium, nonergodicity reigns. Nonergodicity implies that the average outcome for…
In the absence of directional motion it is often hard to recognize athermal fluctuations. Probability currents provide such a measure in terms of the rate at which they enclose area in the reduced phase space. We measure this area enclosing…
Exploiting previous results on Markovian dynamics and fluctuation theorems, we study the consequences of memory effects on single realizations of nonequilibrium processes within an open system approach. The entropy production along single…
Thermodynamics describes large-scale, slowly evolving systems. Two modern approaches generalize thermodynamics: fluctuation theorems, which concern finite-time nonequilibrium processes, and one-shot statistical mechanics, which concerns…
A system that violates detailed balance evolves asymptotically into a nonequilibrium steady state with non-vanishing currents. Analogously, when detailed balance holds at any instant of time but the system is driven through time-periodic…
Understanding how systems respond to external perturbations is a fundamental challenge in physics, particularly for non-equilibrium and non-stationary processes. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem provides a complete framework for…
We construct a minimal two-chain random walk model and study the information that fluctuations of the flux and higher cumulants can reveal about the model: its structure, parameters, and whether it operates under nonequilibrium conditions.…
Biologically driven non-equilibrium fluctuations are often characterized by their non-Gaussianity or by an "effective temperature", which is frequency dependent and higher than the ambient temperature. We address these two measures…
A large number of processes in the mesoscopic world occur out of equilibrium, where the time course of a system evolution becomes immensely important since it is driven principally by dissipative effects. Non-equilibrium steady states…
We establish a novel generalization of the fluctuation theorem for partially-masked nonequilibrium dynamics. We introduce a partial entropy production with a subset of all possible transitions, and show that the partial entropy production…
The fluctuations of macroscopic observables in quantum systems which are in a nonequilibrium steady state are studied rigorously in the thermodynamic limit. In particular, the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) of a quantum spin system that…
We demonstrate that the fluctuation theorem of Gallavotti and Cohen can be used to characterize the class of dynamics that arises in nonthermal systems of collectively interacting particles driven over random quenched disorder. By observing…
A system driven in the vicinity of its critical point by varying a relevant field in an arbitrary function of time is a generic system that possesses a long relaxation time compared with the driving time scale and thus represents a large…
We present a theory for the nonequilibrium current in a mesoscopic Josephson junction which is coupled to a normal electron reservoir, and apply it to a chaotic junction. Large sample-to-sample fluctuations of the critical current $I_{\rm…
For a many-particle system with long-range interactions and evolving under stochastic dynamics, we study for the first time the out-of-equilibrium fluctuations of the work done on the system by a time-dependent external force. For…
This PhD thesis deals with the Markov picture of developed turbulence from the theoretical point of view. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces stochastic thermodynamics, the second part aims at transferring the…
We experimentally study negative fluctuations of stochastic entropy production in an electronic double dot operating in nonequilibrium steady-state conditions. We record millions of random electron tunneling events at different bias points,…
We present technical results required for the description and understanding of correlations and fluctuations of the empirical density and current as well as diverse time-integrated and time-averaged thermodynamic currents of diffusion…
Nonequilibrium complex systems are often effectively described by the mixture of different dynamics on different time scales. Superstatistics, which is "statistics of statistics" with two largely separated time scales, offers a consistent…
We explore fluctuation relations in a periodically driven micromechanical torsional oscillator. In the linear regime where the modulation is weak, we verify that the ratio of the work variance to the mean work is constant, consistent with…