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Verbal multiword expressions (VMWEs) remain difficult for machine translation because their meanings are often not recoverable from their component words. In this study, we analyze the impact of three VMWE categories -- verbal idioms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Linfeng Liu , Saptarshi Ghosh , Tianyu Jiang

Evaluating text generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is challenging, particularly for low-resource languages where methods for direct assessment are scarce. We propose MUG-Eval, a novel framework that evaluates LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Seyoung Song , Seogyeong Jeong , Eunsu Kim , Jiho Jin , Dongkwan Kim , Jay Shin , Alice Oh

Evaluation in machine learning is usually informed by past choices, for example which datasets or metrics to use. This standardization enables the comparison on equal footing using leaderboards, but the evaluation choices become sub-optimal…

Recent work has demonstrated that machine unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) fails to generalize across languages: knowledge erased in one language frequently remains accessible through others. However, the underlying cause of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Taoran Li , Varun Chandrasekaran , Zhiyuan Yu

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

Vocabulary tests, once a cornerstone of language modeling evaluation, have been largely overlooked in the current landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs) like Llama, Mistral, and GPT. While most LLM evaluation benchmarks focus on specific…

Masked Language Models (MLMs) pre-trained by predicting masked tokens on large corpora have been used successfully in natural language processing tasks for a variety of languages. Unfortunately, it was reported that MLMs also learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Masahiro Kaneko , Aizhan Imankulova , Danushka Bollegala , Naoaki Okazaki

Multi-lingual speech recognition aims to distinguish linguistic expressions in different languages and integrate acoustic processing simultaneously. In contrast, current multi-lingual speech recognition research follows a language-aware…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Yoohwan Kwon , Soo-Whan Chung

Large language models (LLMs) are advancing at an unprecedented pace globally, with regions increasingly adopting these models for applications in their primary language. Evaluation of these models in diverse linguistic environments,…

For multilingual factual knowledge assessment of LLMs, benchmarks such as MLAMA use template translations that do not take into account the grammatical and semantic information of the named entities inserted in the sentence. This leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Kirill Semenov , Rico Sennrich

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been successfully applied to significantly boost the capabilities of pretrained large language models, especially in the math and logic problem domains. However, current research and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Konstantin Dobler , Simon Lehnerer , Federico Scozzafava , Jonathan Janke , Mohamed Ali

The success of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) benchmarks in various languages, such as GLUE for English, CLUE for Chinese, KLUE for Korean, and IndoNLU for Indonesian, has facilitated the evaluation of new NLU models across a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Phong Nguyen-Thuan Do , Son Quoc Tran , Phu Gia Hoang , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

This paper introduces the Cross-lingual Fact Extraction and VERification (XFEVER) dataset designed for benchmarking the fact verification models across different languages. We constructed it by translating the claim and evidence texts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yi-Chen Chang , Canasai Kruengkrai , Junichi Yamagishi

Cross-lingual word embeddings (CLWE) have been proven useful in many cross-lingual tasks. However, most existing approaches to learn CLWE including the ones with contextual embeddings are sense agnostic. In this work, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Linlin Liu , Thien Hai Nguyen , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing , Luo Si

This paper describes a semi-supervised system that jointly learns verbal multiword expressions (VMWEs) and dependency parse trees as an auxiliary task. The model benefits from pre-trained multilingual BERT. BERT hidden layers are shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Shiva Taslimipoor , Sara Bahaadini , Ekaterina Kochmar

Given the dominance of dense retrievers that do not generalize well beyond their training dataset distributions, domain-specific test sets are essential in evaluating retrieval. There are few test datasets for retrieval systems intended for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Nadia Athar Sheikh , Daniel Buades Marcos , Anne-Laure Jousse , Akintunde Oladipo , Olivier Rousseau , Jimmy Lin

Multiword expressions (MWEs) represent lexemes that should be treated as single lexical units due to their idiosyncratic nature. Multiple NLP applications have been shown to benefit from MWE identification, however the research on lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Ekaterina Kochmar , Sian Gooding , Matthew Shardlow

The multilingual BERT model is trained on 104 languages and meant to serve as a universal language model and tool for encoding sentences. We explore how well the model performs on several languages across several tasks: a diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Samuel Rönnqvist , Jenna Kanerva , Tapio Salakoski , Filip Ginter

Much recent effort has been devoted to creating large-scale language models. Nowadays, the most prominent approaches are based on deep neural networks, such as BERT. However, they lack transparency and interpretability, and are often seen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Rodrigo Wilkens , Leonardo Zilio , Aline Villavicencio

Spoken language identification refers to the task of automatically predicting the spoken language in a given utterance. Conventionally, it is modeled as a speech-based language identification task. Prior techniques have been constrained to…