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Parity-time ($PT$) symmetric Hamiltonians are generally non-Hermitian and give rise to exotic behaviour in quantum systems at exceptional points, where eigenvectors coalesce. The recent realisation of $PT$-symmetric Hamiltonians in quantum…

Phase transitions in non-Hermitian systems are at the focus of cutting edge theoretical and experimental research. On the one hand, parity-time- ($\cal PT$-) and anti-$\cal PT$-symmetric physics have gained ever-growing interest, due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-10 Ievgen I. Arkhipov , Fabrizio Minganti

The manipulation of mechanical waves is a long-standing challenge for scientists and engineers, as numerous devices require their control. The current forefront of research in the control of classical waves has emerged from a seemingly…

Classical Physics · Physics 2024-07-04 Johan Christensen , Michael R. Haberman , Ankit Srivastava , Guoliang Huang , Gal Shmuel

We propose a noncommutative version of the Euclidean Lie algebra $E_2$. Several types of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems expressed in terms of generic combinations of the generators of this algebra are investigated. Using the breakdown of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-16 Sanjib Dey , Andreas Fring , Thilagarajah Mathanaranjan

Systems with an effectively non-Hermitian Hamiltonian display an enhanced sensitivity to parametric and dynamic perturbations, which arises from the nonorthogonality of their eigenstates. This enhanced sensitivity can be quantified by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Henning Schomerus

Non-Hermitian (NH) systems exhibit intricate spectral topology arising from complex-valued eigenenergies, with positive/negative imaginary parts representing gain/loss. Unlike the orthogonal eigenstates of Hermitian systems, NH systems…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Jia-Xin Zhong , Jeewoo Kim , Kai Chen , Jing Lu , Kun Ding , Yun Jing

Non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has made considerable progress with the application of the parity-time (PT) symmetry concept. In this letter, we extend the standard second-order PT-symmetric Hamiltonian to high-order…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-03-01 Xianglin Hao , Ke Yin , Jianlong Zou , Ruibin Wang , Yuangen Huang , Xikui Ma , Tianyu Dong

We investigate the quantum-mechanical interpretation of models with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and real spectra. After describing a general framework to reformulate such models in terms of Hermitian Hamiltonians defined on the Hilbert space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Kretschmer , L. Szymanowski

The parity-time (PT) symmetry of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian leads to real (complex) energy spectrum when the non-Hermiticity is below (above) a threshold. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the non-Hermitian skin effect generates a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Yu-Min Hu , Hong-Yi Wang , Zhong Wang , Fei Song

We calculate the eigenvalues of some two-dimensional non-Hermitian Hamiltonians by means of a pseudospectral method and straightforward diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix in a suitable basis set. Both sets of results agree remarkably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-19 Paolo Amore , Francisco M. Fernández , Javier Garcia

Although non-Hermitian dynamics near exceptional points (EPs) provide a route to accelerated entanglement generation, entanglement can also be generated far from EPs at comparable or even higher rates. However, the behavior of such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Hamid Sakhouf , Peng Xue

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the reality of the spectrum of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian admitting a complete set of biorthonormal eigenvectors.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-05-05 Ali Mostafazadeh

In the recent years a generalization of Hermiticity was investigated using a complex deformation H=p^2 +x^2(ix)^\epsilon of the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, where \epsilon is a real parameter. These complex Hamiltonians, possessing PT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Tomas Ya. Azizov , Carsten Trunk

Non-Hermitian systems with parity-time reversal ($\mathcal{PT}$) or anti-$\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry have attracted a wide range of interest owing to their unique characteristics and counterintuitive phenomena. One of the most extraordinary…

We discuss the basic theoretical framework for non-Hermitian quantum systems with particular emphasis on the diagonalizability of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and their $GL(1,\mathbb{C})$ gauge freedom, which are relevant to the adiabatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Qi Zhang , Biao Wu

In the recently quickly developing context of quantum mechanics of unitary systems using a time-independent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian $H$ (having real spectrum and defined as acting in an unphysical but user-friendly Hilbert space ${\cal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Miloslav Znojil

The harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, when augmented by a non-Hermitian $\cal{PT}$-symmetric part, can be transformed into a Hermitian Hamiltonian. This is achieved by introducing a metric which, in general, renders other observables such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. P. Musumbu , H. B. Geyer , W. D. Heiss

A method to construct non-Dirac-hermitian supersymmetric quantum system that is isospectral with a Dirac-hermitian Hamiltonian is presented. The general technique involves a realization of the basic canonical (anti-)commutation relations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-05-09 Pijush K. Ghosh

Simple examples of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with purely real spectra defined in $L^2(R^+)$ having spectral singularities inside the continuous spectrum are given. It is shown that such Hamiltonians may appear by shifting the ndependent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Boris F Samsonov

In most introductory courses on quantum mechanics one is taught that the Hamiltonian operator must be Hermitian in order that the energy levels be real and that the theory be unitary (probability conserving). To express the Hermiticity of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Carl M. Bender