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We theoretically study mixtures of chemically-interacting particles, which produce or consume a chemical to which they are attracted or repelled, in the most general case of many coexisting species. We find a new class of active phase…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-07-15 Jaime Agudo-Canalejo , Ramin Golestanian

In active matter, the lack of momentum conservation makes non-reciprocal interactions the rule rather than the exception. They lead to a rich set of emerging behaviors that are hard to account for and to predict starting from the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-06 Alberto Dinelli , Jérémy O'Byrne , Agnese Curatolo , Yongfeng Zhao , Peter Sollich , Julien Tailleur

The aim of this paper is to discuss the mathematical modeling of Brownian active particle systems, a recently popular paradigmatic system for self-propelled particles. We present four microscopic models with different types of repulsive…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-31 M. Bruna , M. Burger , A. Esposito , S. M. Schulz

Active systems, or active matter, are self-driven systems which live, or function, far from equilibrium - a paradigmatic example which we focus on here is provided by a suspension of self-motile particles. Active systems are far from…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-19 Giuseppe Gonnella , Davide Marenduzzo , Antonio Suma , Adriano Tiribocchi

Active particles may undergo phase separation when interactions oppose self-propulsion, in the absence of any cohesive forces. The corresponding Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS) is arguably the simplest non-trivial collective…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-19 Jérémy O'Byrne , Alexandre Solon , Julien Tailleur , Yongfeng Zhao

Nonreciprocal active matter systems typically feature an asymmetric role among interacting agents, such as a pursuer-evader relationship. We propose a multi-species nonreciprocal active matter model that is invariant under permutations of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-23 Chul-Ung Woo , Heiko Rieger , Jae Dong Noh

Bacteria possess diverse mechanisms to regulate their motility in response to environmental and physiological signals, enabling them to navigate complex habitats and adapt their behavior. Among these mechanisms, interspecies recognition…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Mattia Mattei , David Soriano Paños , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Alex Arenas

Active matter, comprising many active agents interacting and moving in fluids or more complex environments, is a commonly occurring state of matter in biological and physical systems. By its very nature active matter systems exist in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-08 Pierre Gaspard , Raymond Kapral

Motility-induced phase separation, MIPS, is arguably the most well-studied collective phenomenon occurring in active matter without alignment interactions (scalar active matter). Its basic origin is simple: since self-propelled particles…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-12-10 Joakim Stenhammar

One of the most notable features in repulsive particle based active matter systems is motility-induced-phase separation (MIPS) where a dense, often crystalline phase coexists with a low density fluid. In most active matter studies, the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-23 P. Forgacs , A. Libal , C. Reichhardt , N. Hengartner , C. J. O. Reichhardt

The term active matter describes diverse systems, spanning macroscopic (e.g. shoals of fish and flocks of birds) to microscopic scales (e.g. migrating cells, motile bacteria and gels formed through the interaction of nanoscale molecular…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-03-11 Gautam I. Menon

Liquid-liquid phase separation is important across biology, physics, and materials science. Although usually studied at equilibrium, active components - such as motor proteins, enzymes, and synthetic microswimmers - are increasingly…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-06 Kan Chang , Yulin Li , Ming Yuan , Masaki Sano , Zhihong You , H. P. Zhang

Large ensembles of interacting, out-of-equilibrium agents are a paradigm of active matter. Their constituents' intrinsic activity may entail the spontaneous separation into localized phases of high and low densities. Motile microbes,…

Proliferation and motility are ubiquitous drivers of activity in biological systems. Here, we study a dense binary mixture of motile and proliferating particles with exclusively repulsive interactions, where homeostasis in the proliferating…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-11 Lukas Hupe , Joanna M. Materska , David Zwicker , Ramin Golestanian , Bartlomiej Waclaw , Philip Bittihn

In contrast to equilibrium systems, inertia can profoundly impact the phase behavior of active systems. This has been made particularly evident in recent years, with motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) exhibiting several intriguing…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-04-21 Jiechao Feng , Ahmad K. Omar

Inspired by recent experimental observation of patterning at the membrane of a living cell, we propose a generic model for the dynamics of a fluctuating interface driven by particle-like inclusions which stimulate its growth. We find that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-07-25 F. Cagnetta , M. R. Evans , D. Marenduzzo

We study a minimal model involving two species of particles interacting via quorum-sensing rules. Combining simulations of the microscopic model and linear stability analysis of the associated coarse-grained field theory, we identify a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-10-13 Yu Duan , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo , Ramin Golestanian , Benoît Mahault

Dense active systems are widespread in nature, examples range from bacterial colonies to biological tissues. Dense clusters of active particles can be obtained by increasing the packing fraction of the system or taking advantage of a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-04-13 Matteo Paoluzzi , Demian Levis , Ignacio Pagonabarraga

Active Brownian particles (ABPs) with pure repulsion is an ideal model to understand the effect of nonequilibrium on collective behaviors. It has long been established that activity can create effective attractions leading to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-04-01 Jie Su , Mengkai Feng , Huijun Jiang , Zhonghuai Hou

The phase diagram of the attractive Hubbard model with spatially inhomogeneous interactions is obtained using a single site dynamical mean field theory like approach. The model is characterized by three parameters: the interaction strength,…

Superconductivity · Physics 2009-11-13 Vijay B. Shenoy
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