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The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to solve binary-variable optimization problems. Due to the short circuit depth and its expected robustness to systematic errors, it is one of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Jason Larkin , Matías Jonsson , Daniel Justice , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

Quantum Annealing (QA) encounters limitations when the energy gap along the annealing path becomes exponentially small, leading to impractically long runtimes. In contrast, the success of hybrid digital methods like the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Vincenzo Roberto Arezzo , Ruiyi Wang , Kiran Thengil , Giovanni Pecci , Giuseppe Santoro

In the realm of statistical physics, the number of states in which a system can be realized with a given energy is a key concept that bridges the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of physical systems. For quantum systems, many…

In this work we develop theoretical techniques for analysing the performance of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) when applied to random boolean constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), and use these techniques to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Sami Boulebnane , Maria Ciudad-Alañón , Lana Mineh , Ashley Montanaro , Niam Vaishnav

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum heuristic with empirical evidence of speedup over classical state-of-the-art for some problems. QAOA uses a parameterized circuit with $p$ layers, where higher $p$…

Methods to find the solution state for optimization problems encoded into Ising Hamiltonians are a very active area of current research. In this work we compare the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) with multi-stage quantum…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced combinatorial optimization. A near-optimal solution to the combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Alexey Galda , Eesh Gupta , Jose Falla , Xiaoyuan Liu , Danylo Lykov , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

This paper describes an application of the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) to efficiently find approximate solutions for computational problems contained in the polynomially bounded NP optimisation complexity class (NPO…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Samuel Marsh , Jingbo Wang

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms (QAOA) promise efficient solutions to classically intractable combinatorial optimization problems by harnessing shallow-depth quantum circuits. Yet, their performance and scalability often hinge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Kuan-Cheng Chen , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wei-Hao Huang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been one of the leading candidates for near-term quantum advantage in gate-model quantum computers. From its inception, this algorithm has sparked the desire for comparison between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Colin Campbell , Edward Dahl

Current state-of-the-art quantum optimization algorithms require representing the original problem as a binary optimization problem, which is then converted into an equivalent cost Hamiltonian suitable for the quantum device. Implementing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Bence Bakó , Adam Glos , Özlem Salehi , Zoltán Zimborás

In a recent study (Ref. [1]), quantum annealing was reported to exhibit a scaling advantage for approximately solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). However, this claim critically depends on the choice of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 J. Pawlowski , P. Tarasiuk , J. Tuziemski , L. Pawela , B. Gardas

Establishing quantum advantage for variational quantum algorithms is an important direction in quantum computing. In this work, we apply the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) -- a popular variational quantum algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-08 Andrew El-Kadi , Roberto Bondesan

Combinatorial optimization problems on graphs have broad applications in science and engineering. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a method to solve these problems on a quantum computer by applying multiple rounds of…

We simulate the excited states of the Lipkin model using the recently proposed Quantum Equation of Motion (qEOM) method. The qEOM generalizes the EOM on classical computers and gives access to collective excitations based on quasi-boson…

Interesting problems in quantum computation take the form of finding low-energy states of (pseudo)spin systems with engineered Hamiltonians that encode the problem data. Motivated by the practical possibility of producing very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Jiajin Feng , Biao Wu , Frank Wilczek

In dense neutrino gases, which exist for instance in supernovae, the flavour states of different neutrinos may become entangled with one another. The theoretical description of such systems may therefore call for simulations on a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Katarina Bleau , Nikolina Ilic , Joachim Kopp , Ushak Rahaman , Xin Yue Yu

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a standard method for combinatorial optimization with a gate-based quantum computer. The QAOA consists of a particular ansatz for the quantum circuit architecture, together with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Li Li , Minjie Fan , Marc Coram , Patrick Riley , Stefan Leichenauer

The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA) was partially inspired by digitising quantum annealing. Based on this inspiration, we develop techniques to use the additional flexibility of a universal gate-model quantum computer to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-02 Touheed Anwar Atif , Catherine Potts , David Haycraft , Raouf Dridi , Nicholas Chancellor

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and its generalization to Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a promising approach for applying quantum computers to challenging problems such as combinatorial optimization and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Vladimir Kremenetski , Anuj Apte , Tad Hogg , Stuart Hadfield , Norm M. Tubman