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Current state-of-the-art automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are vulnerable to presentation attacks, and several countermeasures (CMs), which distinguish bona fide trials from spoofing ones, have been explored to protect ASV.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-27 Chang Zeng , Lin Zhang , Meng Liu , Junichi Yamagishi

\textit{Objective:} Conventional EEG-based auditory attention detection (AAD) is achieved by comparing the time-varying speech stimuli and the elicited EEG signals. However, in order to obtain reliable correlation values, these methods…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-30 Hongxu Zhu , Siqi Cai , Yidi Jiang , Qiquan Zhang , Haizhou Li

In recent years, the popularity of fingerprint-based biometric authentication systems significantly increased. However, together with many advantages, biometric systems are still vulnerable to presentation attacks (PAs). In particular, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Jascha Kolberg , Marcel Grimmer , Marta Gomez-Barrero , Christoph Busch

The objective of automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems is to determine whether a given test speech utterance corresponds to a claimed enrolled speaker. These systems have a wide range of applications, and ensuring their reliability…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Amro Asali , Yehuda Ben-Shimol , Itshak Lapidot

Current Active Speaker Detection (ASD) models achieve great results on AVA-ActiveSpeaker (AVA), using only sound and facial features. Although this approach is applicable in movie setups (AVA), it is not suited for less constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Tiago Roxo , Joana C. Costa , Pedro R. M. Inácio , Hugo Proença

This paper proposes a method for utilizing thermal features of the hand for the purpose of presentation attack detection (PAD) that can be employed in a hand biometrics system's pipeline. By envisaging two different operational modes of our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Ewelina Bartuzi , Mateusz Trokielewicz

Nowadays, the development of a Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) system for ID cards presents a challenge due to the lack of images available to train a robust PAD system and the increase in diversity of possible attack instrument…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Qingwen Zeng , Juan E. Tapia , Izan Garcia , Juan M. Espin , Christoph Busch

Active speaker detection is a challenging task in audio-visual scenario understanding, which aims to detect who is speaking in one or more speakers scenarios. This task has received extensive attention as it is crucial in applications such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Junhua Liao , Haihan Duan , Kanghui Feng , Wanbing Zhao , Yanbing Yang , Liangyin Chen

As a versatile AI application, voice assistants (VAs) have become increasingly popular, but are vulnerable to security threats. Attackers have proposed various inaudible attacks, but are limited by cost, distance, or LoS. Therefore, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chao Liu , Zhezheng Zhu , Hao Chen , Kaiwen Guo , Penghao Wang , Xiang-Yang Li

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) systems, particularly those with voice cloning capabilities, have made voice impersonation readily accessible, raising ethical and legal concerns due to potential misuse for malicious activities like…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hongbin Liu , Youzheng Chen , Arun Narayanan , Athula Balachandran , Pedro J. Moreno , Lun Wang

The diffusion of fingerprint verification systems for security applications makes it urgent to investigate the embedding of software-based presentation attack detection algorithms (PAD) into such systems. Companies and institutions need to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Marco Micheletto , Gian Luca Marcialis , Giulia Orrù , Fabio Roli

Generative audio technologies now enable highly realistic voice cloning and real-time voice conversion, increasing the risk of impersonation, fraud, and misinformation in communication channels such as phone and video calls. This study…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Prajwal Chinchmalatpure , Suyash Chinchmalatpure , Siddharth Chavan

Foundation models are becoming increasingly popular due to their strong generalization capabilities resulting from being trained on huge datasets. These generalization capabilities are attractive in areas such as NIR Iris Presentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Juan E. Tapia , Lázaro Janier González-Soler , Christoph Busch

Biometric systems are vulnerable to Presentation Attacks (PA) performed using various Presentation Attack Instruments (PAIs). Even though there are numerous Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) techniques based on both deep learning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Zhe Kong , Wentian Zhang , Feng Liu , Wenhan Luo , Haozhe Liu , Linlin Shen , Raghavendra Ramachandra

In speech technologies, speaker's voice representation is used in many applications such as speech recognition, voice conversion, speech synthesis and, obviously, user authentication. Modern vocal representations of the speaker are based on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-17 Paul-Gauthier Noé , Mohammad Mohammadamini , Driss Matrouf , Titouan Parcollet , Andreas Nautsch , Jean-François Bonastre

High-performance anti-spoofing models for automatic speaker verification (ASV), have been widely used to protect ASV by identifying and filtering spoofing audio that is deliberately generated by text-to-speech, voice conversion, audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Haibin Wu , Andy T. Liu , Hung-yi Lee

Speech activity detection (SAD) plays an important role in current speech processing systems, including automatic speech recognition (ASR). SAD is particularly difficult in environments with acoustic noise. A practical solution is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Fei Tao , Carlos Busso

Background noise reduces speech intelligibility and quality, making speaker verification (SV) in noisy environments a challenging task. To improve the noise robustness of SV systems, additive noise data augmentation method has been commonly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-21 Wonbin Kim , Hyun-seo Shin , Ju-ho Kim , Jungwoo Heo , Chan-yeong Lim , Ha-Jin Yu

Recent text-to-speech (TTS) developments have made voice cloning (VC) more realistic, affordable, and easily accessible. This has given rise to many potential abuses of this technology, including Joe Biden's New Hampshire deepfake robocall.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Hashim Ali , Surya Subramani , Hafiz Malik

Recent studies have demonstrated the vulnerability of Automatic Speech Recognition systems to adversarial examples, which can deceive these systems into misinterpreting input speech commands. While previous research has primarily focused on…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Aravindhan G , Yuvaraj Govindarajulu , Parin Shah