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Recent general relativistic MHD simulations have suggested that relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been powered by rotational energy of central black holes. Some mechanisms of extraction of black hole rotational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-22 Shinji Koide , Tamon Baba

We describe global, 3D, time-dependent, non-radiative, general-relativistic, magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting black holes (BHs). The simulations are designed to transport a large amount of magnetic flux to the center, more than…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Alexander Tchekhovskoy , Ramesh Narayan , Jonathan C. McKinney

Magnetic Penrose process (MPP) is not only the most exciting and fascinating process mining the rotational energy of black hole but it is also the favored astrophysically viable mechanism for high energy sources and phenomena. It operates…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-28 Arman Tursunov , Naresh Dadhich

In this lecture I give an introduction to the rotational energy extraction of black holes by the electromagnetic Blandford-Znajek process and the generation of relativistic jets. After some basic material on the electrodynamics of black…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Norbert Straumann

The present study investigates the negative energy orbits and energy extraction efficiency using the magnetic Penrose process in various regular black hole geometries surrounded by electromagnetic fields. Utilizing numerical simulations, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-30 Divyesh P. Viththani , Tapobroto Bhanja , Vishva Patel , Pankaj S. Joshi

We have investigated the properties of the ergosphere and the energy extraction by Penrose process in a Konoplya-Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr black hole spacetime. We find that the ergosphere becomes thin and the maximum efficiency of energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-15 Fen Long , Songbai Chen , Shangyun Wang , Jiliang Jing

For a binary composed of a spinning black hole (BH) (with mass $\gtrsim 7M_\odot$) and a strongly magnetized neutron star (NS) (with surface magnetic field strength $B_{\rm S,NS}\gtrsim10^{12}$\,G and mass $\sim 1.4M_\odot$), the NS as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-02 Shu-Qing Zhong , Zi-Gao Dai , Can-Min Deng

Blandford-Znajek process, the steady electromagnetic energy extraction from a rotating black hole (BH), is widely believed to work for driving relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts and Galactic microquasars, although…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-05 Kenji Toma , Fumio Takahara

We present a comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic and optical properties of the Bumblebee Kerr-Newman-Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole, a rotating and charged configuration arising in Lorentz symmetry-violating (LSV) gravity. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-23 H. Hassanabadi , A. Guvendi , F. Kafikang , T. Sathiyaraj , S. Zare

The Blandford-Znajek mechanism is the continuous extraction of energy from a rotating black hole via plasma currents flowing on magnetic field lines threading the horizon. In the discovery paper, Blandford and Znajek demonstrated the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-07 Jay Armas , Yangyang Cai , Geoffrey Compére , David Garfinkle , Samuel E. Gralla

We investigate the energy extraction by the Penrose process in Kerr-MOG black hole~(BH). We derive the gain in energy for Kerr-MOG as \begin{eqnarray} \Delta {\cal E} \leq…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-20 Parthapratim Pradhan

It has been recently shown that magnetic reconnection can provide us a novel mechanism to extract black hole rotational energy from a Kerr black holes. In this paper, we study the energy extraction from the Kerr-de Sitter black hole via…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-14 Chao-Hui Wang , Cheng-Qun Pang , Shao-Wen Wei

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism describes a physical process for the energy extraction from a spinning black hole (BH), which is believed to power a great variety of astrophysical sources, such as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and Gamma…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-24 Zhen Pan , Cong Yu

In this paper, we provide exact solutions for the extraction of energy from a rotating black hole via both the electromagnetic Poynting flux and matter currents. By appropriate choice of a radially independent poloidal function…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 Govind Menon , Charles D. Dermer

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process is steady electromagnetic energy release from rotating black holes (BHs) along magnetic field lines threading them and widely believed to drive relativistic jets. This process is successfully demonstrated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-18 Kenji Toma , Fumio Takahara , Masanori Nakamura

We provide a semi-analytic comparison between the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) and the magnetic reconnection power for accreting black holes in the curved spacetime of a rotating black hole. Our main result is that for a realistic range of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-13 Chandra B. Singh , David Garofalo , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino

Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism describes a process extracting rotation energy from a spinning black hole (BH) via magnetic field lines penetrating the event horizon of central BH. In this paper, we present a perturbation approach to study…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-14 Zhen Pan , Cong Yu

The energy extraction from a magnetized Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole is analyzed within the framework of the electric Penrose mechanism. The presence of an external magnetic field induces an axisymmetric configuration and an ergosphere…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-21 A. Baez , Nora Breton , I. Cabrera-Munguia

Based on the magnetic reconnection mechanism, this study investigates how to extract energy effectively from an accelerating Kerr black hole in the plunging region and circular orbit region. After introducing the properties of accelerating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-03 Ke Wang , Xiao-Xiong Zeng

We analyze the extraction of the rotational energy of a Kerr black hole (BH) endowed with a test charge and surrounded by an external test magnetic field and ionized low-density matter. For a magnetic field parallel to the BH spin,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-08 J. A. Rueda , R. Ruffini