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In the dynamic range mode problem, we are given a sequence $a$ of length bounded by $N$ and asked to support element insertion, deletion, and queries for the most frequent element of a contiguous subsequence of $a$. In this work, we devise…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Bryce Sandlund , Yinzhan Xu

We show how to construct a dynamic ordered dictionary, supporting insert/delete/rank/select on a set of $n$ elements from a universe of size $U$, that achieves the optimal amortized expected time complexity of $O(1 + \log n / \log \log U)$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 William Kuszmaul , Jingxun Liang , Renfei Zhou

Let two static sequences of strings $P$ and $S$, representing prefix and suffix conditions respectively, be given as input for preprocessing. For the query, let two positive integers $k_1$ and $k_2$ be given, as well as a string $T$ given…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Laurentius Leonard , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Takuya Mieno

Palindromes are important objects in strings which have been extensively studied from combinatorial, algorithmic, and bioinformatics points of views. It is known that the length of the longest palindromic substrings (LPSs) of a given string…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Mitsuru Funakoshi , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

We revisit the classic problem of simplex range searching and related problems in computational geometry. We present a collection of new results which improve previous bounds by multiple logarithmic factors that were caused by the use of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Timothy M. Chan , Da Wei Zheng

In this paper we propose a dynamic data structure that supports efficient algorithms for updating and querying singly connected Bayesian networks (causal trees and polytrees). In the conventional algorithms, new evidence in absorbed in time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-08 Arthur L. Delcher , Adam J. Grove , Simon Kasif , Judea Pearl

Recently, Cenzato et al.\ proposed a new text index, called the \emph{suffixient array}, which is a subset of the suffix array and supports locating a single pattern occurrence or finding its maximal exact matches (MEMs), assuming random…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Paola Bonizzoni , Younan Gao , Brian Riccardi

An absent word of a word y of length n is a word that does not occur in y. It is a minimal absent word if all its proper factors occur in y. Minimal absent words have been computed in genomes of organisms from all domains of life; their…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Carl Barton , Alice Heliou , Laurent Mouchard , Solon P. Pissis

There are efficient dynamic programming solutions to the computation of the Edit Distance from $S\in[1..\sigma]^n$ to $T\in[1..\sigma]^m$, for many natural subsets of edit operations, typically in time within $O(nm)$ in the worst-case over…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Jérémy Barbay , Andrés Olivares

The suffix tree is arguably the most fundamental data structure on strings: introduced by Weiner (SWAT 1973) and McCreight (JACM 1976), it allows solving a myriad of computational problems on strings in linear time. Motivated by its large…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Ruben Becker , Davide Cenzato , Travis Gagie , Sung-Hwan Kim , Ragnar Groot Koerkamp , Giovanni Manzini , Nicola Prezza

The suffix array is the key to efficient solutions for myriads of string processing problems in different applications domains, like data compression, data mining, or Bioinformatics. With the rapid growth of available data, suffix array…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Timo Bingmann , Simon Gog , Florian Kurpicz

How can one quickly answer the most and top popular objects at any time, given a large log stream in a system of billions of users? It is equivalent to find the mode and top-frequent elements in a dynamic array corresponding to the log…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Dingcheng Yang , Wenjian Yu , Junhui Deng , Shenghua Liu

Many dynamic graph algorithms have an amortized update time, rather than a stronger worst-case guarantee. But amortized data structures are not suitable for real-time systems, where each individual operation has to be executed quickly. For…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Aaron Bernstein , Sebastian Forster , Monika Henzinger

In this paper we will describe a new approach on the well-known suffix-array algorithm using Big Table Data Technology. We will demonstrate how it is possible to refactor a well-known algorithm coupled by taking advantage of an…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Piero Giacomelli

The representation of a dynamic ordered set of $n$ integer keys drawn from a universe of size $m$ is a fundamental data structuring problem. Many solutions to this problem achieve optimal time but take polynomial space, therefore preserving…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Rossano Venturini

Palindromes are strings that read the same forward and backward. The computation of palindromic structures within strings is a fundamental problem in string algorithms, being motivated by potential applications in formal language theory and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Takuya Mieno , Tomohiro I

We study the problem of supporting queries on a string $S$ of length $n$ within a space bounded by the size $\gamma$ of a string attractor for $S$. Recent works showed that random access on $S$ can be supported in optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Nicola Prezza

In this paper, we introduce zip-tries, which are simple, dynamic, memory-efficient data structures for strings. Zip-tries support search and update operations for $k$-length strings in $\mathcal{O}(k+\log n)$ time in the standard RAM model…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-21 David Eppstein , Ofek Gila , Michael T. Goodrich , Ryuto Kitagawa

Let $S$ be a string of length $n$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$ and let $Q$ be a subset of $\Sigma$ of size $q \geq 2$. The 'co-occurrence problem' is to construct a compact data structure that supports the following query: given an integer $w$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Tord Stordalen

Given two strings $T$ and $S$ and a set of strings $P$, for each string $p \in P$, consider the unique substrings of $T$ that have $p$ as their prefix and $S$ as their suffix. Two problems then come to mind; the first problem being the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Laurentius Leonard , Ken Tanaka