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Inquiry is fundamental to communication, and machines cannot effectively collaborate with humans unless they can ask questions. In this work, we build a neural network model for the task of ranking clarification questions. Our model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Sudha Rao , Hal Daumé

Understanding toxicity in user conversations is undoubtedly an important problem. Addressing "covert" or implicit cases of toxicity is particularly hard and requires context. Very few previous studies have analysed the influence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Atijit Anuchitanukul , Julia Ive , Lucia Specia

Persuasion dialogue systems reflect the machine's ability to make strategic moves beyond verbal communication, and therefore differentiate themselves from task-oriented or open-domain dialogue systems and have their own unique values.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Weiyan Shi , Yu Li , Saurav Sahay , Zhou Yu

Recent improvement gains in large language models (LLMs) have lead to everyday usage of AI-based Conversational Agents (CAs). At the same time, LLMs are vulnerable to an array of threats, including jailbreaks and, for example, causing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Kathrin Grosse , Nico Ebert

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular interface for human-AI interaction, supporting information seeking and task assistance through natural, multi-turn dialogue. To respond to users within multi-turn dialogues, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Sha Li , Hansi Zeng , Xin Liu , Zhaoxuan Tan , Xian Li , Jianshu Chen , Dakuo Wang , Meng Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) powered conversational search systems have already been used by hundreds of millions of people, and are believed to bring many benefits over conventional search. However, while decades of research and public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Nikhil Sharma , Q. Vera Liao , Ziang Xiao

Search-augmented large language models (LLMs) excel at knowledge-intensive tasks by integrating external retrieval. However, they often over-search -- unnecessarily invoking search tool even when it does not improve response quality, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Roy Xie , Deepak Gopinath , David Qiu , Dong Lin , Haitian Sun , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Fraud continues to proliferate online, from phishing and ransomware to impersonation scams. Yet automated prevention approaches adapt slowly and may not reliably protect users from falling prey to new scams. To better combat online scams,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Owen Hoffman , Kangze Peng , Sajid Kamal , Zehua You , Sukrit Venkatagiri

Information access systems, such as search engines, recommender systems, and conversational assistants, have become integral to our daily lives as they help us satisfy our information needs. However, evaluating the effectiveness of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Krisztian Balog , ChengXiang Zhai

Nowadays, the current neural network models of dialogue generation(chatbots) show great promise for generating answers for chatty agents. But they are short-sighted in that they predict utterances one at a time while disregarding their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Jabri Ismail , Aboulbichr Ahmed , El ouaazizi Aziza

User simulators serve as the critical interactive environment for agent post-training, and an ideal user simulator generalizes across domains and proactively engages in negotiation by challenging or bargaining. However, current methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Feng Zhang , Shijia Li , Chunmao Zhang , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu , Han Liu

Conversational recommender systems offer the promise of interactive, engaging ways for users to find items they enjoy. We seek to improve conversational recommendation via three dimensions: 1) We aim to mimic a common mode of human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Shuyang Li , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Julian McAuley

Conversational Recommender System (CRS) interacts with users through natural language to understand their preferences and provide personalized recommendations in real-time. CRS has demonstrated significant potential, prompting researchers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lixi Zhu , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang

Intelligent systems need to be able to recover from mistakes, resolve uncertainty, and adapt to novel concepts not seen during training. Dialog interaction can enable this by the use of clarifications for correction and resolving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Aishwarya Padmakumar , Raymond J. Mooney

Knowledge-aided dialogue response generation aims at augmenting chatbots with relevant external knowledge in the hope of generating more informative responses. The majority of previous work assumes that the relevant knowledge is given as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Ante Wang , Linfeng Song , Qi Liu , Haitao Mi , Longyue Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Jinsong Su , Dong Yu

Generative search engines have the potential to transform how people seek information online, but generated responses from existing large language models (LLMs)-backed generative search engines may not always be accurate. Nonetheless,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xuming Hu , Xiaochuan Li , Junzhe Chen , Yinghui Li , Yangning Li , Xiaoguang Li , Yasheng Wang , Qun Liu , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Zhijiang Guo

Existing conversational search studies mainly focused on asking better clarifying questions and/or improving search result quality. These works aim at retrieving better responses according to the search context, and their performances are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Zhenduo Wang , Zhichao Xu , Qingyao Ai

As NLP systems are increasingly deployed at scale, concerns about their potential negative impacts have attracted the attention of the research community, yet discussions of risk have mostly been at an abstract level and focused on generic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Nikita Haduong , Alice Gao , Noah A. Smith

Objective: This paper introduces a patient simulator for scalable, automated evaluation of healthcare conversational agents, generating realistic, controllable interactions that systematically vary across medical, linguistic, and behavioral…

User simulation has been a cost-effective technique for evaluating conversational recommender systems. However, building a human-like simulator is still an open challenge. In this work, we focus on how users reformulate their utterances…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Shuo Zhang , Mu-Chun Wang , Krisztian Balog
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