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The expansion $G^+$ of a graph $G$ is the $3$-uniform hypergraph obtained from $G$ by enlarging each edge of $G$ with a new vertex disjoint from $V(G)$ such that distinct edges are enlarged by distinct vertices. Let $ex_3(n,F)$ denote the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-10 Alexandr Kostochka , Dhruv Mubayi , Jacques Verstraete

The Tur\'an number of a graph H, ex(n;H), is the maximum number of edges in any graph on n vertices which does not contain H as a subgraph. Let P_l denote a path on l vertices, and kP_l denote k vertex-disjoint copies of P_l. We determine…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-23 Neal Bushaw , Nathan Kettle

Let \( \mathcal{F} \) be a family of graphs. The generalized Tur\'an number \( \operatorname{ex}(n, K_r, \mathcal{F}) \) is the maximum number of $K_r$ in an \( n \)-vertex graph that does not contain any member of \( \mathcal{F} \) as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Yongchun Lu , Liying Kang , Yisai Xue

The forbidden subgraph problem is among the oldest in extremal combinatorics -- how many edges can an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph have? The answer to this question is the well-studied extremal number of $F$. Observing that every extremal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Neal Bushaw , Sean English , Emily Heath , Daniel P. Johnston , Puck Rombach

For a $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$ let $\textrm{ex}(n,F)$ be the maximum number of edges of a $k$-uniform $n$-vertex hypergraph $H$ which contains no copy of $F$. Determining or estimating $\textrm{ex}(n,F)$ is a classical and central problem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Christian Reiher , Vojtěch Rödl , Mathias Schacht

For a $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$ let $\textrm{ex}(n,F)$ be the maximum number of edges of a $k$-uniform $n$-vertex hypergraph $H$ which contains no copy of $F$. Determining or estimating $\textrm{ex}(n,F)$ is a classical and central problem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-18 Christian Reiher

Given a graph $F$, the Tur\'{a}n number ${\rm ex}(n,F)$ is the maximum number of edges in any $n$-vertex $F$-free graph. The odd-ballooning of $F$, denoted by $F^{o}$, is a graph obtained by replacing each edge of $F$ with an odd cycle,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Longfei Fang , Xueyi Huang , Huiqiu Lin , Jinlong Shu

For a family of graphs $\mathcal{F}$, the Tur\'{a}n number $ex(n,\mathcal{F})$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph containing no member of $\mathcal{F}$ as a subgraph. The maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-04 Yichong Liu , Liying Kang

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of $3$-uniform linear hypergraphs. The linear Tur\'an number of $\mathcal F$ is the maximum possible number of edges in a $3$-uniform linear hypergraph on $n$ vertices which contains no member of $\mathcal{F}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-25 Beka Ergemlidze , Ervin Győri , Abhishek Methuku

The spectral Tur\'an theorem states that the $k$-partite Tur\'an graph is the unique graph attaining the maximum adjacency spectral radius among all graphs of order $n$ containing no the complete graph $K_{k+1}$ as a subgraph. This result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Lele Liu , Zhenyu Ni , Jing Wang , Liying Kang

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of $r$-graphs. An $r$-graph $G$ is called $\mathcal{F}$-saturated if it does not contain any members of $\mathcal{F}$ but adding any edge creates a copy of some $r$-graph in $\mathcal{F}$. The saturation number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-28 Natalie C. Behague

For integers $q\ge p\ge r\ge2$, we say that an $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$ has property $(q,p)$, if for any $q$-vertex subset $Q$ of $V(H)$, there exists a $p$-vertex subset $P$ of $Q$ spanning a clique in $H$. Let $T_{r}(n,q,p)=\min\{ e(H):…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-02 Chunqiu Fang , Guorong Gao , Jie Ma , Ge Song

Since its formulation, Tur\'an's hypergraph problems have been among the most challenging open problems in extremal combinatorics. One of them is the following: given a $3$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{F}$ on $n$ vertices in which any five…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Peter Frankl , Hao Huang , Vojtěch Rödl

Let r be an integer, f(n) a function, and H a graph. Introduced by Erd\H{o}s, Hajnal, S\'{o}s, and Szemer\'edi, the r-Ramsey-Tur\'{a}n number of H, RT_r(n, H, f(n)), is defined to be the maximum number of edges in an n-vertex, H-free graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-29 József Balogh , John Lenz

An $r$-graph is an $r$-uniform hypergraph tree (or $r$-tree) if its edges can be ordered as $E_1,\ldots, E_m$ such that $\forall i>1 \, \exists \alpha(i)<i$ such that $E_i\cap (\bigcup_{j=1}^{i-1} E_j)\subseteq E_{\alpha(i)}$. The Tur\'an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Zoltán Füredi , Tao Jiang

A real number $\alpha\in [0, 1)$ is a jump for an integer $r\ge 2$ if there exists $c>0$ such that no number in $(\alpha , \alpha + c)$ can be the Tur\'an density of a family of $r$-uniform graphs. A classical result of Erd\H os and Stone…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-03 Zilong Yan , Yuejian Peng

A hypergraph is linear if any two of its edges intersect in at most one vertex. The Sail (or $3$-fan) $F^3$ is the $3$-uniform linear hypergraph consisting of $3$ edges $f_1, f_2, f_3$ pairwise intersecting in the same vertex $v$ and an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Beka Ergemlidze , Ervin Győri , Abhishek Methuku

A hypergraph is linear if any two edges intersect in at most one vertex. For a fixed $k$-uniform family ${\cal{F}}$ of hypergraphs, the linear Tur\'an number ${\rm ex}_{\rm lin}(n,{\cal{F}})$ is the maximum number of edges in a $k$-uniform…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-10 Zoltán Füredi , András Gyárfás

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a hypergraph and $F$ be a graph. If there exists a bijection between the hyperedges of $\mathcal{H}$ and the edges of $F$ such that each hyperedge contains its image, then we say that $\mathcal{H}$ is a \textit{Berge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Xiamiao Zhao , Xin Cheng , Dániel Gerbner

For two $s$-uniform hypergraphs $H$ and $F$, the Tur\'{a}n number $ex_s(H,F)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $F$-free subgraph of $H$. Let $s, r, k, n_1, \ldots, n_r$ be integers satisfying $2\leq s\leq r$ and $n_1\leq n_2\leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-04 Erica L. L. Liu , Jian Wang