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Transcritical flows in free surface hydrodynamics emulate black hole horizons and their timereversed versions known as white fountains. Both analogue horizons have been shown to emit Hawking radiation, the amplification of waves via…

There is a mathematical analogy between the propagation of fields in a general relativistic space-time and long (shallow water) surface waves on moving water. Hawking argued that black holes emit thermal radiation via a quantum spontaneous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-01 Silke Weinfurtner , Edmund W. Tedford , Matthew C. J. Penrice , William G. Unruh , Gregory A. Lawrence

We study and numerically compute the scattering coefficients of shallow water waves blocked by a stationary counterflow. When the flow is transcritical, the coefficients closely follow Hawking's prediction according to which black holes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-09-16 Florent Michel , Renaud Parentani

Acoustic waves in fluids undergoing the transition from sub- to supersonic flow satisfy governing equations similar to those for light waves in the immediate vicinity of a black hole event horizon. This acoustic analogy has been used by…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-09-30 Eugene R. Tracy , Dmitriy Zhigunov

The Hawking effect -- the spontaneous emission of correlated quanta from horizons -- can be observed in laboratory systems where an acoustic horizon forms when a fluid transitions from subcritical to supercritical flow. Although most…

The conversion of positive-frequency waves into negative-frequency waves at the event horizon is the mechanism at the heart of the Hawking radiation of black holes. In black-hole analogues, horizons are formed for waves propagating in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Germain Rousseaux , Christian Mathis , Philippe Maissa , Thomas G. Philbin , Ulf Leonhardt

We provide experimental details of the first experiment made in zero temperature limit ($\sim$ 600\,$\mu$K) studying the magnonic black/white hole horizon analogue using absolutely pure physical system based on the spin superfluidity in…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-04-22 M. Človečko , E. Gažo , P. Skyba

We model a sonic black hole analog in a quasi one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate, using a Gross-Pitaevskii equation matching the configuration of a recent experiment by Steinhauer [Nat. Phys. 10, 864 (2014)]. The model agrees well…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2017-08-22 Yi-Hsieh Wang , Ted Jacobson , Mark Edwards , Charles W. Clark

Quantum effects of fields on curved spacetimes may be studied in the laboratory thanks to quantum fluids. Here we use a polariton fluid to study the Hawking effect, the correlated emission from the quantum vacuum at the acoustic horizon. We…

We propose an experiment to detect and characterize the analog Hawking radiation in an analog model of gravity consisting of a flowing exciton-polariton condensate. Under a suitably designed coherent pump configuration, the condensate…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-11-02 Pjotrs Grisins , Hai Son Nguyen , Jacqueline Bloch , Alberto Amo , Iacopo Carusotto

We take into account two further physical models which play an utmost importance in the framework of Analogue Gravity. We first consider Bose--Einstein condensates (BEC) and then surface gravity waves in water. Our approach is based on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-25 F. Belgiorno , S. L. Cacciatori , A. Farahat , A. Viganò

There is an analogy between the propagation of fields on a curved spacetime and shallow water waves in an open channel flow. By placing a streamlined obstacle into an open channel flow we create a region of high velocity over the obstacle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-12 Silke Weinfurtner , Edmund W. Tedford , Matthew C. J. Penrice , William G. Unruh , Gregory A. Lawrence

A new Hamiltonian formulation for the fully nonlinear water-wave problem over variable bathymetry is derived, using an exact, vertical series expansion of the velocity potential, in conjunction with Luke's variational principle. The…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-04-14 Christos Papoutsellis , Gerassimos Athanassoulis

We theoretically analyse a recent experiment reporting the observation of a self-amplifying Hawking radiation in a flowing atomic condensate [J.Steinhauer, Nature Physics, vol.10, pp.864, Nov 2014]. We are able to accurately reproduce the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-07-29 M. Tettamanti , S. L. Cacciatori , A. Parola , I. Carusotto

The theory of Hawking radiation can be tested in laboratory analogues of black holes. We use light pulses in nonlinear fiber optics to establish artificial event horizons. Each pulse generates a moving perturbation of the refractive index…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-16 Jonathan Drori , Yuval Rosenberg , David Bermudez , Yaron Silberberg , Ulf Leonhardt

We have studied analytically the approximate solutions to the gapped mode equations in the hydrodynamic regime for a class of binary Bose-Einstein condensate acoustic black holes. The horizon from the transonic flow is formed by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-10 Wei-Can Syu , Da-Shin Lee

When Hawking radiation from a rotating or non-rotating black hole becomes sufficiently intense, its own stress energy can no longer be treated as a perturbation on a fixed background. In this regime the outgoing flux may generate an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-03 Steven J. Silverman

In [arXiv:1004.2488], Baumann et al. present a new formalism for studying cosmological systems where the characteristic scale of non-linearities is much smaller than the Hubble scale. By integrating out the short-wavelength modes, it is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-08 Hyeyoun Chung

Analogue Hawking radiation from acoustic horizons is now a well-established phenomenon, both theoretically and experimentally. Its persistence, despite the modified dispersion relations characterising analogue models, has been crucial in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-23 Francesco Del Porro , Stefano Liberati , Marc Schneider

Quantum fields in curved spacetime exhibit a wealth of effects like Hawking radiation from black holes. While quantum field theory in black holes can only be studied theoretically, it can be tested in controlled laboratory experiments. In…

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