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We show a spacetime positive mass theorem for asymptotically flat initial data sets with a noncompact boundary. We develop a mass type invariant and a boundary dominant energy condition. Our proof is based on spinors.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-04-12 Xiaoxiang Chai

We establish a spacetime positive mass theorem and rigidity statement for asymptotically flat spin initial data sets with a codimension one singularity controlled by a matching Bartnik data condition involving spacetime rotations, and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Demetre Kazaras , Marcus Khuri , Michael Lin

We prove the spacetime positive mass theorem in dimensions less than eight. This theorem states that for any asymptotically flat initial data set satisfying the dominant energy condition, the ADM energy-momentum vector $(E,P)$ of the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-12-24 Michael Eichmair , Lan-Hsuan Huang , Dan A. Lee , Richard Schoen

In this paper, we prove the spacetime positive mass theorem for asymptotically flat spin initial data sets with arbitrary ends and a non-compact boundary. Moreover, we demonstrate a quantitative shielding theorem, subject to the tilted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-28 Daoqiang Liu

When working with asymptotically hyperbolic initial data sets for general relativity it is convenient to assume certain simplifying properties. We prove that the subset of initial data sets with such properties is dense in the set of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Mattias Dahl , Anna Sakovich

For manifolds with a distinguished asymptotically flat end, we prove a density theorem which produces harmonic asymptotics on the distinguished end, while allowing for points of incompleteness (or negative scalar curvature) away from this…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-11-14 Dan A. Lee , Martin Lesourd , Ryan Unger

The rigidity statement of the positive mass theorem asserts that an asymptotically flat initial data set for the Einstein equations with zero ADM mass, and satisfying the dominant energy condition, must arise from an embedding into…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Edward Bryden , Marcus Khuri , Christina Sormani

We affirm the rigidity conjecture of the spacetime positive mass theorem in dimensions less than eight. Namely, if an asymptotically flat initial data set satisfies the dominant energy condition and has $E=|P|$, then $E=|P|=0$, where $(E,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-11-27 Lan-Hsuan Huang , Dan A. Lee

In this paper, we define an energy-momentum vector at the spatial infinity of either asymptotically flat or asymptotically hyperbolic initial data sets carrying a non-compact boundary. Under suitable dominant energy conditions (DECs)…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Sergio Almaraz , Levi Lopes de Lima , Luciano Mari

We prove a positive mass theorem for spin initial data sets $(M,g,k)$ that contain an asymptotically flat end and a shield of dominant energy (a subset of $M$ on which the dominant energy scalar $\mu-|J|$ has a positive lower bound). In a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Simone Cecchini , Martin Lesourd , Rudolf Zeidler

We prove positive mass theorem with angular momentum and charges for axially symmetric, simply connected, maximal, complete initial data sets with two ends, one designated asymptotically flat and the other either (Kaluza-Klein)…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-13 Aghil Alaee , Shing-Tung Yau

In this short note we explain how one can use established results to prove various versions of the positive mass theorem for initial data sets with boundary, in dimensions less than 8.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-11 Gregory J. Galloway , Dan A. Lee

Our work proves rigidity theorems for initial data sets associated with compact smooth spin manifolds with boundary and with compact convex polytopes, subject to the dominant energy condition. For manifolds with smooth boundary, this is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Christian Baer , Simon Brendle , Tsz-Kiu Aaron Chow , Bernhard Hanke

We prove a positive mass theorem for $n$-dimensional asymptotically flat manifolds with a non-compact boundary if either $3\leq n\leq 7$ or if $n\geq 3$ and the manifold is spin. This settles, for this class of manifolds, a question posed…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-03 Sergio Almaraz , Ezequiel Barbosa , Levi Lopes de Lima

In this article, we give a proof for positive mass theorem of asymptotically flat manifolds with arbitrary ends when the dimension is no greater than seven. As an application, we also show a positive mass theorem for asymptotically locally…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-04-13 Jintian Zhu

We give a lower bound for the Lorentz length of the ADM energy-momentum vector (ADM mass) of 3-dimensional asymptotically flat initial data sets for the Einstein equations. The bound is given in terms of linear growth `spacetime harmonic…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Sven Hirsch , Demetre Kazaras , Marcus Khuri

It is well-known that considerations of symmetry lead to the definition of a host of conserved quantities (energy, linear momentum, center of mass, etc.) for an asymptotically flat initial data set, and a great deal of progress in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Levi Lopes de Lima

We establish the positive energy theorem for weak asymptotically anti-de Sitter initial data sets with distributional curvature under the weak dominant energy condition.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-13 Yaohua Wang , Xiao Zhang

We single out a notion of staticity which applies to any domain in hyperbolic space whose boundary is a non-compact totally umbilical hypersurface. For (time-symmetric) initial data sets modeled at infinity on any of these latter examples,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Sergio Almaraz , Levi Lopes de Lima

We give a definition of mass for conformally compactifiable initial data sets. The asymptotic conditions are compatible with existence of gravitational radiation, and the compactifications are allowed to be polyhomogeneous. We show that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 P. T. Chrusciel , J. Jezierski , S. Leski
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