Related papers: The Explicit Formula and Parity for Some Generaliz…

In this paper we propose an alternative formulation of the binary and ternary Goldbach conjectures as the systems of equations involving the Euler $\phi$-function.

We characterize the function $\varphi$ of minimal $L^1$ norm among all functions $f$ of exponential type at most $\pi$ for which $f(0)=1$. This function, studied by H\"{o}rmander and Bernhardsson in 1993, has only real zeros $\pm \tau_n$,…

The method of exhaustion is generalized to a simple formula that can be used to integrate functions under very general conditions, provided that the integral exists. Both a geometric proof (following the usual procedure for the method of…

Let $\sigma(x)$ be the sum of the divisors of $x$. If $N$ is odd and $\sigma(N) = 2N$, then the odd perfect number $N$ is said to be given in Eulerian form if $N = {q^k}{n^2}$ where $q$ is prime with $q \equiv k \equiv 1 \pmod 4$ and…

An astonishing fact was established by Lee A. Rubel (1981): there exists a fixed non-trivial fourth-order polynomial differential algebraic equation (DAE) such that for any positive continuous function $\varphi$ on the reals, and for any…

In this paper, we establish new irrationality criteria for certain sparse power series. As applications of these criteria, we generalize a result of Erd\H{o}s and obtain several irrationality results for various infinite series involving…

Euler equations are the basic system in fluid dynamics describing the motion of incompressible and inviscid ideal fluids. For a bounded smooth domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$. The well-posedness of Euler equations is well-known in Sobolev…

In 2009, Luca and Nicolae proved that the only Fibonacci numbers whose Euler totient function is another Fibonacci number are $1,2$, and $3$. In 2015, Faye and Luca proved that the only Pell numbers whose Euler totient function is another…

Theorem 1 Let F:N-->R stand for any function which a) $F$ monotonically weakly increases; b) $F$ tends to infinity; and c) such that $q/F(q)$ tends to infinity. Let Z_F(q) equal the number of divisors of q less than sqrt{F(q)} minus the…

In this paper, we develop efficient and accurate algorithms for evaluating $\varphi(A)$ and $\varphi(A)b$, where $A$ is an $N\times N$ matrix, $b$ is an $N$ dimensional vector and $\varphi$ is the function defined by…

In this short note, we introduce an Euler analogue of Wilson's theorem; $a_1a_2... a_{\phi(n)}\equiv (-1)^{\phi(n)+1}~({\rm mod}~n)$ say, where ${\rm gcd}(a_i,n)=1$.

In this article, we derive a Euler prime product formula for the magnitude of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ valid for $\Re(s)>1$, as well as similar formulas for $\zeta(s)$ valid for an even and odd $k$th positive integer argument.…

We consider a family of genus 2 hyperelliptic curves of even order and obtain explicitly the system of 5 linear ODEs for periods of the corresponding Abelian integrals of first, second, and third kind, as functions of the parameters of the…

Let $x_1,...,x_n$ be a list of real numbers, let $s :=\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_i$ and let $h:\mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a function. We gave a necessary and sufficient condition for $s>h(n)$ (respectively, $s<h(n)$). Let $G=(V,E)$ be a…

In this paper, we will consider $E$-type singularities which are Arnol'd type. We provide invariant conditions for a sufficiently smooth functions to have singularities of type $E_k (6\le k\le 8)$. We show the functions can be reduced to…

We will study the solutions to the equation $f(n) - g(n) = c$, where $f$ and $g$ are multiplicative functions and $c$ is a constant. More precisely, we prove that the number of solutions does not exceed $c^{1-\epsilon}$ when $f, g$ and…

Let ``Faulhaber's formula'' refer to an expression for the sum of powers of integers written with terms in n(n+1)/2. Initially, the author used Faulhaber's formula to explain why odd Bernoulli numbers are equal to zero. Next, Cereceda gave…

In order to study signed Eulerian numbers, we introduce permutations of a particular type, called parity-alternate permutations, because they take even and odd entries alternately. The objective of this paper is twofold. The first is to…

For finite sums of non-negative powers of arithmetic progressions the generating functions (ordinary and exponential ones) for given powers are computed. This leads to a two parameter generalization of Stirling and Eulerian numbers. A…

We give a new sufficient criteria to prove the uniqueness of the incompressible Euler equation in dimension $N\geq2$. In their celebrated works by V. Scheffer [18], A. Shnirelman [19], C. De Lellis and L. Sz\'ekelyhidi Jr. [7] they have…