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We describe a method for generating minimal hard prime surface-link diagrams. We extend the known examples of minimal hard prime classical unknot and unlink diagrams up to three components and generate figures of all minimal hard prime…
Whitney's theorem states that every 3-connected planar graph is uniquely embeddable on the sphere. On the other hand, it has many inequivalent embeddings on another surface. We shall characterize structures of a $3$-connected $3$-regular…
The aim of this paper is to derive explicitly a connection between the Zagier elliptic trilogarithm and Mahler measures of a certain family of three-variable polynomials defining K3 surfaces. In addition, we prove some linear relations…
This paper is devoted to the extension to the full $3\times3$ Euler system of the basic analytical properties of the equations governing a fluid flowing in a duct with varying section. First, we consider the Cauchy problem for a pipeline…
Frequently, knots are enumerated by their crossing number. However, the number of knots with crossing number $c$ grows exponentially with $c$, and to date computer-assisted proofs can only classify diagrams up to around twenty crossings.…
We introduce the Schubert form a $3$-bridge link diagram, as a generalization of the Schubert normal form of a $3$-bridge link. It consists of a set of six positive integers, written as $\left( p/n,q/m,s/l\right) $, with some conditions and…
We formulate a very general conjecture relating the analytical invariants of a normal surface singularity to the Seiberg-Witten invariants of its link provided that the link is a rational homology sphere. As supporting evidence, we…
We study immersed surfaces in smooth 4-manifolds via singular banded unlink diagrams. Such a diagram consists of a singular link with bands inside a Kirby diagram of the ambient 4-manifold, representing a level set of the surface with…
We show that the members of a large class of unbalanced four-manifold trisections are standard, and we present a family of trisections that is likely to include non-standard trisections of the four-sphere. As an application, we prove a…
We give a definition of a what we call a `tonnetz' on a triangulated surface, generalising the famous tonnetz of Euler from 1739. In Euler's tonnetz the vertices of a regular `$A_2$ triangulation' of the plane are labelled with notes, or…
Every element in the first cohomology group of a 3--manifold is dual to embedded surfaces. The Thurston norm measures the minimal `complexity' of such surfaces. For instance the Thurston norm of a knot complement determines the genus of the…
We discover suprising connections between three seemingly different problems: finding right triangles with rational sides in a non-Euclidean geometry, finding three integers such that the difference of the squares of any two is a square,…
The concept of a fluid algebra was introduced by Sullivan over a decade ago as an algebraic construct which contains everything necessary in order to write down a form of the Euler equation, as an ODE whose solutions have invariant…
Given a road network modelled as a planar straight-line graph $G=(V,E)$ with $|V|=n$, let $(u,v)\in V\times V$, the shortest path (distance) between $u,v$ is denoted as $\delta_G(u,v)$. Let $\delta(G)=\max_{(u,v)}\delta_G(u,v)$, for…
The $SU_3$-skein algebra of a surface $F$ is spanned by isotopy classes of certain framed graphs in $F\times I$ called $3$-webs subject to the skein relations encapsulating relations between $U_q(sl(3))$-representations. These skein…
We develop a theory of confluence of graphs. We describe an algorithm for proving that a given system of reduction rules for abstract graphs and graphs in surfaces is locally confluent. We apply this algorithm to show that each simple Lie…
In this paper we use the results of our previous work in order to compute the phase of the torsion of an Euler structure in terms of its characteristic class. Also, we introduce here a new notion of an absolute torsion, which does not…
We count the number of isotopy classes of closed, connected, orientable, essential surfaces embedded in the exterior B of the knot K13n586.The main result is that the count of surfaces by genus is equal to the Euler totent function. This is…
We generalize Turaev's definition of torsion invariants of pairs (M,x), where M is a 3-dimensional manifold and x is an Euler structure on M (a non-singular vector field up to homotopy relative to bM and local modifications in int(M).…
We study the interplay between braid group theory and topological dynamics in three dimensions. While classical braid theory has been extensively applied to surface homeomorphisms to analyze fixed and periodic points, an analogous framework…