Related papers: Improved Efficiency for Cross-Arm Comparisons via …
Pragmatic trials increasingly define outcomes using real-world data such as electronic health records, where assessments are collected during routine care rather than at fixed timepoints. Consequently, these uncontrolled assessments may be…
When randomized controlled trials are impractical or unethical to simultaneously compare multiple treatments, indirect treatment comparisons using single-arm trials offer valuable evidence for health technology assessments, especially for…
Multi-arm bandits are gaining popularity as they enable real-world sequential decision-making across application areas, including clinical trials, recommender systems, and online decision-making. Consequently, there is an increased desire…
Clinical trials offer a fundamental opportunity to discover new treatments and advance the medical knowledge. However, the uncertainty of the outcome of a trial can lead to unforeseen costs and setbacks. In this study, we propose a new…
The principle of allocating an equal number of patients to each arm in a randomized controlled trial remains widely believed to be optimal for maximising statistical power. However, this long-held belief only holds true if the treatment…
When comparing the performance of multi-armed bandit algorithms, the potential impact of missing data is often overlooked. In practice, it also affects their implementation where the simplest approach to overcome this is to continue to…
A multi-arm multi-stage trial is a multi-arm trial which includes interim analyses - analysing the data at certain specified points, generally discontinuing treatments which are concluded to not work and proceeding with the remainder. It is…
Randomized experiments play a major role in data-driven decision making across many different fields and disciplines. In medicine, for example, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the backbone of clinical trial methodology for testing…
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide. Unfortunately, about one-third of patients do not benefit sufficiently from available treatments and not many new drugs have been developed in this…
Aims: Combinations of treatments can offer additional benefit over the treatments individually. However, trials of these combinations are lower priority than the development of novel therapies, which can restrict funding, timelines and…
We propose a multi-metric flexible Bayesian framework to support efficient interim decision-making in multi-arm multi-stage phase II clinical trials. Multi-arm multi-stage phase II studies increase the efficiency of drug development, but…
A very classical problem in statistics is to test the stochastic superiority of one distribution to another. However, many existing approaches are developed for independent samples and, moreover, do not take censored data into account. We…
Determining which organizations are more effective in implementing an intervention program is essential for theoretically and empirically characterizing exemplary practice and for intervening to enhance the capacity of ineffective ones. Yet…
Despite algorithms' potential to improve public services, adoption has been limited by concerns about effectiveness and equity. We conduct a randomized controlled trial ($N=4,681$) providing real-time algorithm support to Child Protective…
Experimentation is widely utilized for causal inference and data-driven decision-making across disciplines. In an A/B experiment, for example, an online business randomizes two different treatments (e.g., website designs) to their customers…
Effective decision making from randomised controlled clinical trials relies on robust interpretation of the numerical results. However, the language we use to describe clinical trials can cause confusion both in trial design and in…
The primary goal of randomized trials is to compare the effects of different interventions on some outcome of interest. In addition to the treatment assignment and outcome, data on baseline covariates, such as demographic characteristics or…
Platform trials evaluate the efficacy of multiple treatments, allowing for late entry of the experimental arms and enabling efficiency gains by sharing controls. The power of individual treatment-control comparisons in such trials can be…
An important objective in the development of targeted therapies is to identify the populations where the treatment under consideration has positive benefit risk balance. We consider pivotal clinical trials, where the efficacy of a treatment…
Background: trials to identify the minimal effective treatment duration are needed in different therapeutic areas, including bacterial infections, TB and Hepatitis--C. However, standard non-inferiority designs have several limitations,…