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Breakthroughs in deep learning and memory networks have made major advances in natural language understanding. Language is sequential and information carried through the sequence can be captured through memory networks. Learning the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Anupiya Nugaliyadde

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in practice and are widely used for generation tasks such as translation, summarization and instruction following. However, their enormous size and reliance on autoregressive decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Benjamin Bergner , Andrii Skliar , Amelie Royer , Tijmen Blankevoort , Yuki Asano , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

Autoregressive models (ARMs), which predict subsequent tokens one-by-one ``from left to right,'' have achieved significant success across a wide range of sequence generation tasks. However, they struggle to accurately represent sequences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Dhruvesh Patel , Aishwarya Sahoo , Avinash Amballa , Tahira Naseem , Tim G. J. Rudner , Andrew McCallum

Small Language Models (SLMs) are a cost-effective alternative to Large Language Models (LLMs), but often struggle with complex reasoning due to their limited capacity and a tendency to produce mistakes or inconsistent answers during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuanfeng Xu , Zehui Dai , Jian Liang , Jiapeng Guan , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin , Xiaohui Lv

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, yet interaction with these models is mostly facilitated through text. Using Text-To-Speech to synthesize LLM outputs typically results in notable latency, which is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Avihu Dekel , Slava Shechtman , Raul Fernandez , David Haws , Zvi Kons , Ron Hoory

Tasks that model the relation between pairs of tokens in a string are a vital part of understanding natural language. Such tasks, in general, require exhaustive pair-wise comparisons of tokens, thus having a quadratic runtime complexity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Tianyu Liu , Afra Amini , Mrinmaya Sachan , Ryan Cotterell

Generating long, coherent text remains a challenge for large language models (LLMs), as they lack hierarchical planning and structured organization in discourse generation. We introduce Structural Alignment, a novel method that aligns LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zae Myung Kim , Anand Ramachandran , Farideh Tavazoee , Joo-Kyung Kim , Oleg Rokhlenko , Dongyeop Kang

We explore the use of small language models (SLMs) for automatic question generation as a complement to the prevalent use of their large counterparts in learning analytics research. We present a novel question generation pipeline that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yumou Wei , John Stamper , Paulo F. Carvalho

Temporal Logic (TL) can be used to rigorously specify complex high-level specification for systems in many engineering applications. The translation between natural language (NL) and TL has been under-explored due to the lack of dataset and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Rujul Gandhi , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan

We introduce G2T-LLM, a novel approach for molecule generation that uses graph-to-tree text encoding to transform graph-based molecular structures into a hierarchical text format optimized for large language models (LLMs). This encoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhaoning Yu , Xiangyang Xu , Hongyang Gao

Although natural language is the default medium for Large Language Models (LLMs), its limited expressive capacity creates a profound bottleneck for complex problem-solving. While recent advancements in AI have relied heavily on scaling,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhiqin Yang , Yuhan Liu , Jingwen Fu , Pei Fu , Bo Han , Masashi Sugiyama , Nanning Zheng

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate synthetic data for model training has become increasingly popular in recent years. While LLMs are capable of producing realistic training data, the effectiveness of data generation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yinheng Li , Rogerio Bonatti , Sara Abdali , Justin Wagle , Kazuhito Koishida

Motivated by the difficulty in presenting computational results, especially when the results are a collection of atoms in a logical language, to users, who are not proficient in computer programming and/or the logical representation of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Van Duc Nguyen , Tran Cao Son , Enrico Pontelli

Neural network based approaches to data-to-text natural language generation (NLG) have gained popularity in recent years, with the goal of generating a natural language prompt that accurately realizes an input meaning representation. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Yuheng Du , Shereen Oraby , Vittorio Perera , Minmin Shen , Anjali Narayan-Chen , Tagyoung Chung , Anu Venkatesh , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

The success of autoregressive (AR) language models in text generation has inspired the computer vision community to adopt Large Language Models (LLMs) for image generation. However, considering the essential differences between text and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xuantong Liu , Shaozhe Hao , Xianbiao Qi , Tianyang Hu , Jun Wang , Rong Xiao , Yuan Yao

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a new approach to various natural language processing tasks, utilizing large language models (LLMs) to make predictions based on context that has been supplemented with a few examples or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Linyong Nan , Yilun Zhao , Weijin Zou , Narutatsu Ri , Jaesung Tae , Ellen Zhang , Arman Cohan , Dragomir Radev

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate software artifacts across many software engineering (SE) tasks, yet ensuring the semantic validity of these artifacts remains a fundamental challenge. Existing constrained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Boqi Chen , José Antonio Hernández López , Aren A. Babikian

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the landscape of Natural Language Processing systems, but are computationally expensive. To reduce the cost without sacrificing performance, previous studies have explored various approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Hao Cheng , Mari Ostendorf

Transforming unstructured text into structured data is a complex task, requiring semantic understanding, reasoning, and structural comprehension. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential, they often struggle with handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Rajmohan C , Sarthak Harne , Arvind Agarwal

To ensure that text generated by large language models (LLMs) is in an expected format, constrained decoding proposes to enforce strict formal language constraints during generation. However, as we show in this work, not only do such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Luca Beurer-Kellner , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev
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