English

Shaping Schema via Language Representation as the Next Frontier for LLM Intelligence Expanding

Artificial Intelligence 2026-05-13 v1

Abstract

Although natural language is the default medium for Large Language Models (LLMs), its limited expressive capacity creates a profound bottleneck for complex problem-solving. While recent advancements in AI have relied heavily on scaling, merely internalizing knowledge does not guarantee its effective application. Defining language representation as the linguistic and symbolic constructs used to map and model the real world, this paper argues that shaping schemas through advanced language representation is the next frontier for expanding LLM intelligence. We posit that an LLM's knowledge activation and organization -- its schema -- depends heavily on the structural and symbolic sophistication of the language used to represent a given task. This paper contributes both a formalization of this claim and the empirical evidence to support it. With a new formalization, we present multiple lines of evidence to support our position: Firstly, we review recent empirical practices and emerging methodologies that demonstrate the substantial performance gains achievable through deliberate language representation design, even without modifying model parameters or scale. Secondly, we conduct controlled experiments showing that LLM performance and its internal feature activations vary under different language representations of the same underlying task. Together, these findings highlight language representation design as a promising direction for future research.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.09271,
  title  = {Shaping Schema via Language Representation as the Next Frontier for LLM Intelligence Expanding},
  author = {Zhiqin Yang and Yuhan Liu and Jingwen Fu and Pei Fu and Bo Han and Masashi Sugiyama and Nanning Zheng},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.09271},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

41 pages, 30 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T13:01:07.201Z