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t-distributed Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding (t-SNE), a clustering and visualization method proposed by van der Maaten & Hinton in 2008, has rapidly become a standard tool in a number of natural sciences. Despite its overwhelming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-09 George C. Linderman , Stefan Steinerberger

Data are not only ubiquitous in society, but are increasingly complex both in size and dimensionality. Dimension reduction offers researchers and scholars the ability to make such complex, high dimensional data spaces simpler and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Philip D. Waggoner

t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) for the visualization of multidimensional data has proven to be a popular approach, with successful applications in a wide range of domains. Despite their usefulness, t-SNE projections can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Angelos Chatzimparmpas , Rafael M. Martins , Andreas Kerren

Cluster visualization is an essential task for nonlinear dimensionality reduction as a data analysis tool. It is often believed that Student t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) can show clusters for well clusterable data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Zhirong Yang , Yuwei Chen , Jukka Corander

Most existing graph visualization methods based on dimension reduction are limited to relatively small graphs due to performance issues. In this work, we propose a novel dimension reduction method for graph visualization, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xinyu Li , Yao Xiao , Yuchen Zhou

This paper introduces NN-STNE, a neural network using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) as a hidden layer to reduce input dimensions by mapping long time-series data into shapelet membership probabilities. A Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zhicong Xian , Tabish Chaudhary , Jürgen Bock

t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a well-established visualization method for complex high-dimensional data. However, the original t-SNE method is nonparametric, stochastic, and often cannot well prevserve the global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Zixia Zhou , Yuanyuan Wang , Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt , Qian Tao

Conditional t-SNE (ct-SNE) is a recent extension to t-SNE that allows removal of known cluster information from the embedding, to obtain a visualization revealing structure beyond label information. This is useful, for example, when one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Edith Heiter , Bo Kang , Ruth Seurinck , Jefrey Lijffijt

Molecular simulation trajectories represent high-dimensional data. Such data can be visualized by methods of dimensionality reduction. Non-linear dimensionality reduction methods are likely to be more efficient than linear ones due to the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-08-24 Vojtěch Spiwok , Pavel Kříž

Nonlinear data visualization using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) enables the representation of complex single-cell transcriptomic landscapes in two or three dimensions to depict biological populations accurately.…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-02 Hui Ma , Kai Chen

We extend a well-known dimension reduction method, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), from non-parametric to parametric by training neural networks. The main advantage of a parametric technique is the generalization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Chien-Hsun Lai , Yu-Shuen Wang

Dimensionality reduction is crucial both for visualization and preprocessing high dimensional data for machine learning. We introduce a novel method based on a hierarchy built on 1-nearest neighbor graphs in the original space which is used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 M. Saquib Sarfraz , Marios Koulakis , Constantin Seibold , Rainer Stiefelhagen

The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t- SNE) is a method for interpreting high dimensional (HD) data by mapping each point to a low dimensional (LD) space (usually two-dimensional). It seeks to retain the structure of the data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Prakash Chourasia , Sarwan Ali , Murray Patterson

Dimensionality reduction methods, also known as projections, are frequently used for exploring multidimensional data in machine learning, data science, and information visualization. Among these, t-SNE and its variants have become very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Mateus Espadoto , Nina S. T. Hirata , Alexandru C. Telea

In this work, the use of t-SNE is proposed to embed 3D point clouds of plants into 2D space for plant characterization. It is demonstrated that t-SNE operates as a practical tool to flatten and visualize a complete 3D plant model in 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Helin Dutagaci

Modern datasets and models are notoriously difficult to explore and analyze due to their inherent high dimensionality and massive numbers of samples. Existing visualization methods which employ dimensionality reduction to two or three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-01 David M. Chan , Roshan Rao , Forrest Huang , John F. Canny

We consider the mobile localization problem in future millimeter-wave wireless networks with distributed Base Stations (BSs) based on multi-antenna channel state information (CSI). For this problem, we propose a Semi-supervised tdistributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Junquan Deng , Wei Shi , Jian Hu , Xianlong Jiao

Dimension reduction, widely used in science, maps high-dimensional data into low-dimensional space. We investigate a basic mathematical model underlying the techniques of stochastic neighborhood embedding (SNE) and its popular variant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-26 Ben Weinkove

Correct risk estimation of policyholders is of great significance to auto insurance companies. While the current tools used in this field have been proven in practice to be quite efficient and beneficial, we argue that there is still a lot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Joseph Levitas , Konstantin Yavilberg , Oleg Korol , Genadi Man

Visualization methods based on the nearest neighbor graph, such as t-SNE or UMAP, are widely used for visualizing high-dimensional data. Yet, these approaches only produce meaningful results if the nearest neighbors themselves are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jan Niklas Böhm , Philipp Berens , Dmitry Kobak