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Supermassive black-hole binaries are driven to merger by dynamical friction, loss-cone scattering of individual stars, disk migration, and gravitational-wave emission. Two main formation scenarios are expected. Binaries that form in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-03 Nathan Steinle , Davide Gerosa

We investigate evolution of an accretion disc in binary black hole (BBH) systems and possible electromagnetic counterparts of the gravitational waves from mergers of BBHs. Perna et al. (2016) proposed a novel evolutionary scenario of an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-17 Shigeo S. Kimura , Sanemichi Z. Takahashi , Kenji Toma

The last evolutionary stages of massive black hole binaries prior to coalescence is dominated by the emission of gravitational waves, which will be probed by the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. If gas is present around the two…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-25 Giacomo Fedrigo , Alessandro Lupi , Alessia Franchini , Matteo Bonetti

Merging supermassive black hole-black hole (BHBH) binaries produced in galaxy mergers are promising sources of detectable gravitational waves. If such a merger takes place in a gaseous environment, there is a possibility of a simultaneous…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-05-12 Brian D. Farris , Yuk Tung Liu , Stuart L. Shapiro

Merging compact black-hole (BH) binaries are likely to exist in the nuclear star clusters around supermassive BHs (SMBHs), such as Sgr A$^\ast$. They may also form in the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei. Such compact binaries can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-26 Bin Liu , Dong Lai

Stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) embedded in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs are possible progenitors of black-hole mergers detected in gravitational waves by LIGO/VIRGO. To better understand the hydrodynamical evolution of BBHs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Rixin Li , Dong Lai

We model the electromagnetic emission signatures of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) with an associated gas component. The method comprises numerical simulations of relativistic binaries and gas coupled with calculations of the physical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Tamara Bogdanovic , Britton D. Smith , Michael Eracleous , Steinn Sigurdsson

Context. Binary systems of supermassive black holes are expected to be strong sources of long gravitational waves prior to merging. These systems are good candidates to be observed with forthcoming space-borne detectors. Only a few of these…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-13 Gustavo E. Romero , Gabriela S. Vila , Daniela Pérez

We investigate the behaviour of the accretion discs in the outbursts of the low-mass black-hole X-ray binaries (BHXRB), an overview of which we have presented previously. Almost all of the systems in which there are sufficient observations…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 Robert Dunn , Rob Fender , Elmar Koerding , Tomaso Belloni , Andrea Merloni

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are natural by-products of galaxy mergers and are expected to be powerful multi-messenger sources. They can be powered by the accretion of matter and then radiate across the electromagnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-26 E. M. Gutiérrez , L. Combi , G. E. Romero , M. Campanelli

Accreting black holes (BHs) produce intense radiation and powerful relativistic jets, which are affected by the BH's spin magnitude and direction. While thin disks might align with the BH spin axis via the Bardeen-Petterson effect, this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-19 Jonathan C. McKinney , Alexander Tchekhovskoy , Roger D. Blandford

Observations of gravitational waves and their electromagnetic counterparts may soon uncover the existence of coalescing compact binary systems formed by a stellar-mass black hole and a neutron star. These mergers result in a remnant black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-31 Francesco Zappa , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Francesco Pannarale , Michela Mapelli , Nicola Giacobbo

Recent simulations show that the eccentricity of supermassive binary black hole with intermediate mass ratio could grow toward near unity through gravitational interaction with the stellar background in the merging remnant after two…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-27 Wenshuai Liu

The recent evidence for a nanohertz gravitational wave background from Pulsar Timing Arrays highlights the urgent need to identify electromagnetic counterparts to supermassive binary black holes. Here, we perform global 3D general…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-12 Hong-Xuan Jiang , Xinyu Li , Yosuke Mizuno , Ziri Younsi , Christian M. Fromm

OJ 287 is the best-known supermassive black hole binary candidate in the nanohertz gravitational wave band. It exhibits periodic flares every $\sim$ 12 years, likely caused by collisions of a smaller-mass secondary with the accretion disk…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-24 Sean M. Ressler , Luciano Combi , Bart Ripperda , Xinyu Li

We have investigated, both analytically and numerically, accreting supermassive black hole binaries as they inspiral due to gravitational radiation to elucidate the decoupling of binaries from their disks and inform future multi-messenger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-27 Alexander J. Dittmann , Geoffrey Ryan , M. Coleman Miller

We study dynamics and radiation generation in the last few orbits and merger of a binary black hole system, applying recently developed techniques for simulations of moving black holes. Our analysis of the gravitational radiation waveforms…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 John G. Baker , Joan Centrella , Dae-Il Choi , Michael Koppitz , James van Meter

Circumbinary disks crucially affect the orbital and electromagnetic properties of binary systems across the universe, from stars in our galactic neighborhood to supermassive black hole binaries formed as the result of tumultuous galactic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-16 Alexander J. Dittmann , Geoffrey Ryan , Luciano Combi

Luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) and X-Ray binaries (XRBs) often contain geometrically thin, radiatively cooled accretion discs. According to theory, these are -- in many cases -- initially highly misaligned with the black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-11 M. Liska , C. Hesp , A. Tchekhovskoy , A. Ingram , M. van der Klis , S. B. Markoff , M. Van Moer

Coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational wave (GW) signatures from coalescence events of supermassive black holes are the next observational grand challenge. Such detections will provide the means to study…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Tanja Bode , Roland Haas , Tamara Bogdanovic , Pablo Laguna , Deirdre Shoemaker