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We review current challenges in understanding the values and origin of the spins of black holes in binaries. Thanks to recent advances in astrophysical instrumentation, the spins can now be measured using both gravitational waves emitted by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-06 Andrzej A. Zdziarski , Gregoire Marcel , Alexandra Veledina , Aleksandra Olejak , Debora Lancova

Distinguishing the photon output of an accreting supermassive black hole binary system from that of a single supermassive black hole accreting at the same rate is intrinsically difficult because the majority of the light emerges from near…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-17 Julian H. Krolik , Marta Volonteri , Yohan Dubois , Julien Devriendt

We perform the first suite of fully general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of spinning massive black hole binary mergers. We consider binary black holes with spins of different magnitudes aligned to the orbital angular…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-04 Federico Cattorini , Bruno Giacomazzo , Francesco Haardt , Monica Colpi

Coalescing massive black hole binaries are produced by the mergers of galaxies. The final stages of the black hole coalescence produce strong gravitational radiation that can be detected by the space-borne LISA. In cases where the black…

We report on simulations in general relativity of magnetized disks onto black hole binaries. We vary the binary mass ratio from 1:1 to 1:10 and evolve the systems when they orbit near the binary-disk decoupling radius. We compare (surface)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Roman Gold , Vasileios Paschalidis , Zachariah B. Etienne , Stuart L. Shapiro , Harald P. Pfeiffer

Stellar-mass binary black hole (BBH) mergers occurring within the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are promising sources for gravitational waves detectable by the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (LVK) interferometers. Some of these events have…

We discuss the observational consequences of black hole spin in X-ray binaries within the framework of the standard thin accretion disk model. When compared to theoretical flux distribution from the surface of a thin disk surrounding a Kerr…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 S. N. Zhang , Wei Cui , Wan Chen

Black hole-neutron star (BHNS) binaries are important sources of gravitational waves for second-generation interferometers, and BHNS mergers are also a proposed engine for short, hard gamma-ray bursts. The behavior of both the spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-07-12 Geoffrey Lovelace , Matthew D. Duez , Francois Foucart , Lawrence E. Kidder , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Mark A. Scheel , Bela Szilagyi

Simultaneous gravitational and electromagnetic wave observations of merging black hole binaries (BHBHs) can provide unique opportunities to study gravitation physics, accretion and cosmology. Here we perform fully general relativistic,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-08-08 Brian D. Farris , Yuk Tung Liu , Stuart L. Shapiro

Measurements of the spin of stellar mass black holes (BHs) are now possible both through LIGO observations of binary BH mergers and for BHs in X-ray binary systems. The spins of BHs as inferred from LIGO observations suggest that BH spins…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-11-20 Nicolas Fernandez , Akshay Ghalsasi , Stefano Profumo

We present the results of 2D, moving-mesh, viscous hydrodynamical simulations of an accretion disc around a merging supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). The simulation is pseudo-Newtonian, with the BHs modeled as point masses with a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-14 Yike Tang , Zoltán Haiman , Andrew MacFadyen

We perform simulations of magnetohydrodynamic accretion onto equal-mass, nonspinning binary black holes in 3+1 full general relativity addressing the effects of orbital eccentricity. We find that binary black holes with non-negligible…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-11 Vikram Manikantan , Vasileios Paschalidis , Gabriele Bozzola

Most black holes (BHs) formed in collapsing stars have low spin, though some are expected to acquire a magnetic accretion disk during the collapse. While such BH disks can launch magnetically driven winds, their physics and observational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-11 Justin Bopp , Ore Gottlieb

Supermassive binary black holes in galactic centers are potential multimessenger sources in gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation. To find such objects, isolating unique electromagnetic signatures of their accretion flow is key.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-23 Sean M. Ressler , Luciano Combi , Bart Ripperda , Elias R. Most

Supermassive black holes presumably grow through numerous mergers throughout cosmic time. During each merger, supermassive black hole binaries are surrounded by a circumbinary accretion disk that imposes a significant (~1e4 G for a binary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 David L. Kaplan , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Alberto Sesana , Marta Volonteri

As 2 black holes bound to each other in a close binary approach merger their inspiral time becomes shorter than the characteristic inflow time of surrounding orbiting matter. Using an innovative technique in which we represent the changing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Scott C. Noble , Bruno C. Mundim , Hiroyuki Nakano , Julian H. Krolik , Manuela Campanelli , Yosef Zlochower , Nicolás Yunes

We perform magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting, equal-mass binary black holes in full general relativity focusing on the effect of spin and minidisks on the accretion rate and Poynting luminosity variability. We report on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-18 Jane C. Bright , Vasileios Paschalidis

We study the evolution of disk accretion during the merger of supermassive black hole binaries in galactic nuclei. In hierarchical galaxy formation models, the most common binaries are likely to arise from minor galactic mergers, and have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 Philip J. Armitage , Priyamvada Natarajan

Parsec-scale separation supermassive black hole binaries in the centre of gas-rich galaxy merger remnants could be surrounded by massive circumbinary discs (CBDs). Black hole mass and spin evolution during the gas-rich binary inspiral are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-13 Martin A. Bourne , Davide Fiacconi , Debora Sijacki , Joanna M. Piotrowska , Sophie Koudmani

We study the evolution of a massive black hole pair in a rotationally supported nuclear disc. The distributions of stars and gas mimic the nuclear region of a gas-rich galaxy merger remnant. Using high-resolution SPH simulations, we follow…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-07-24 M. Dotti , M. Colpi , F. Haardt , L. Mayer