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The dynamic behaviour of periodic thermodiffusive multi-layered media excited by harmonic oscillations is studied. In the framework of linear thermodiffusive elasticity, periodic laminates, whose elementary cell is composed by an arbitrary…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Francesca Fantoni , Lorenzo Morini , Andrea Bacigalupo , Marco Paggi

Time-reflection is a uniform inversion of the temporal evolution of a signal, which arises when an abrupt change in the properties of the host material occurs uniformly in space. At such a time-interface, a portion of the input signal is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Hady Moussa , Gengyu Xu , Shixiong Yin , Emanuele Galiffi , Younes Radi , Andrea Alù

Time-varying photonic systems open new possibilities for controlling light, enabling photonic time crystals, time reflection and refraction, frequency conversion, synthetic gauge fields, optical nonreciprocity, among others. These effects…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-27 Zeki Hayran , John B. Pendry , Prasad P. Iyer , Francesco Monticone

Using the time periodic ABCD parameters, an expression for the dispersion relation of space-time modulated structures is obtained. The relation is valid for general structures even when the spatial granularity is comparable to the operating…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Sameh Y. Elnaggar , Gregory N. Milford

We investigate symmetry-selective surface-mode excitation in a general periodically time-modulated double-layer system, where the modulation of the two layers has a constant phase difference. By deriving a semi-analytic trans-fer matrix…

Optics · Physics 2022-05-25 Ya-Wen Tsai , Yao-Ting Wang , Emanuele Galiffi , Andrea Alù , Ta-Jen Yen

The homogenization procedure developed here is conducted on a laminate with periodic space-time modulation on the fine scale: at leading order, this modulation creates convection in the low-wavelength regime if both parameters are…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-12 Marie Touboul , Bruno Lombard , Raphaël Assier , Sébastien Guenneau , Richard Craster

Temporal metamaterials are artificial materials whose electromagnetic properties change over time. In analogy with spatial media and metamaterials, where their properties change smoothly or abruptly over space, temporal metamaterials can…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-06 Davide Ramaccia , Andrea Alu , Alessandro Toscano , Filiberto Bilotti

We study the dynamics of space-time non-diffracting wavepackets, commonly known as light bullets, in a spatiotemporally varying medium. We show that by spatiotemporal refraction, a monochromatic focused beam can be converted to a light…

Optics · Physics 2025-01-22 Haiwen Wang , Cheng Guo , Shanhui Fan

Emerging photonic functionalities are mostly governed by the fundamental principle of Lorentz reciprocity. Lifting the constraints imposed by this principle could circumvent deleterious effects that limit the performance of photonic…

Time-varying metamaterials are artificial materials whose electromagnetic properties change over time. Similar to a spatial medium discontinuity, a sudden change in time of the metamaterial refractive index induces the generation of a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Davide Ramaccia , Alessandro Toscano , Filiberto Bilotti

Spatio-temporal modulation has shown great promise as a strong time-reversal symmetry breaking mechanism that enables integrated nonreciprocal devices and topological materials at optical frequencies. However, optical modulation has its own…

Optics · Physics 2019-01-04 Ian A. D. Williamson , S. Hossein Mousavi , Zheng Wang

We provide a theoretical framework to mold time-modulated lattices with frequency conversion and wave-steering capabilities. We initially focus on 1D lattices, whereby a sufficiently slow time-modulation of the stiffness is employed to…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Jonatha Santini , Emanuele Riva

The thermal properties of a material with a spatio-temporal modulation in both the thermal conductivity and the mass density are studied. The special configuration studied here consists of a modulation in a wave-like fashion. It is found…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-03-28 Daniel Torrent , Olivier Poncelet , Jean-Chirstophe Batsale

Temporal modulation of components of electromagnetic systems provides an exceptional opportunity to engineer the response of those systems in a desired fashion, both in the time and frequency domains. For engineering time-modulated systems,…

Temporal modulation of material parameters offers unprecedented control over wave dynamics, enabling phenomena beyond the capabilities of static systems. Here we introduce and analyze a robust mechanism for time rewinding, whereby a…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-17 Seulong Kim , Kihong Kim

Temporally modulated optical media are important in both abstract and applied applications, such as spacetime transformation optics, relativistic laser-plasma interactions, and dynamic metamaterials. Here we investigate the behaviour of…

We investigate how Rayleigh waves interact with modulated resonators located on the free surface of a semi-infinite elastic medium. We begin by studying the dynamics of a single resonator with time-modulated stiffness. In particular, we…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-10-16 Antonio Palermo , Paolo Celli , Behrooz Yousefzadeh , Chiara Daraio , Alessandro Marzani

The unique conduction properties of condensed matter systems with topological order have recently inspired a quest for similar effects in classical wave phenomena. Acoustic topological insulators, in particular, hold the promise to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-07-13 Romain Fleury , Alex Khanikaev , Andrea Alu

Space-time modulation of refractive index can produce synthetically moving interfaces with arbitrary apparent velocities, including superluminal motion, offering new ways to control light in dynamic media. On the other hand, space-time wave…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-16 Zeki Hayran , John B. Pendry

Floquet modulations often yield effective Hamiltonians not easily accessible in traditional time-dependent systems, which brings opportunities for exploring novel physics of quantum dynamics. We investigate a Floquet system exhibiting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Suyang Lin , Ming Gong , Congjun Wu