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Kerr black hole (BH) superradiance can form gravitational atoms and produce characteristic gravitational-wave signals, providing a probe of ultralight bosons and dark matter. In realistic systems, accretion-disk gravity can shift energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-06 Ruiheng Li , Zhong-hao Luo , Zehong Wang , Fa Peng Huang

We study the gravitational-wave (GW) signatures of clouds of ultralight bosons around black holes (BHs) in binary inspirals. These clouds, which are formed via superradiance instabilities for rapidly rotating BHs, produce distinct effects…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-13 Daniel Baumann , Horng Sheng Chia , Rafael A. Porto

Quantum black holes (BHs), thought of as an excited multilevel system, can be effectively modelled by replacing an event horizon with a partially reflective membrane. This emergent feature affects their interaction with hosting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 Soumodeep Mitra , Sumanta Chakraborty , Rodrigo Vicente , Justin C. Feng

Superradiance can lead to the formation of a black hole (BH) condensate system. We thoroughly investigate the accretion effect on the evolution of this system, and the gravitational wave signals it emits in the presence of multiple…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-08 Yin-Da Guo , Shou-Shan Bao , Tianjun Li , Hong Zhang

Measurements of the spin of stellar mass black holes (BHs) are now possible both through LIGO observations of binary BH mergers and for BHs in X-ray binary systems. The spins of BHs as inferred from LIGO observations suggest that BH spins…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-11-20 Nicolas Fernandez , Akshay Ghalsasi , Stefano Profumo

The hypothesis that classical scalar fields could constitute dark matter on galactic and cosmic scales has garnered significant interest. In scenarios where supermassive black holes (SMBHs) form through the accretion of matter onto black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-31 J. C. Acevedo-Muñoz , F. D. Lora-Clavijo , A. Cruz-Osorio

Light bending by the strong gravity around the black hole will form the so-called black hole shadow, the shape of which can shed light on the structure of the near-horizon geometry to possibly reveal novel physics of strong gravity and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-28 Feng-Li Lin , Avani Patel , Hung-Yi Pu

This paper explores how time-varying increases in mass accretion onto rapidly spinning black holes influence their long-term spin evolution when affected by superradiance - a process where energy is extracted from the black hole by a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-18 Adithya Nandakumar , Ricarda S. Beckmann , Vid Irsic

Light feebly-coupled bosonic particles can efficiently extract the rotational energy of rapidly spinning black holes on sub-astrophysical timescales via a phenomenon known as black hole superradiance. In the case of light axions, the feeble…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-08 Samuel J. Witte , Andrew Mummery

Black hole (BH) spin can play an important role in galaxy evolution by controlling the amount of energy and momentum ejected from near the BH into the surroundings. We focus on radiatively-inefficient and geometrically-thick…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-22 Beverly Lowell , Jonatan Jacquemin-Ide , Alexander Tchekhovskoy , Alex Duncan

We investigate the evolution of supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) in galaxies with realistic property distributions and the gravitational-wave (GW) radiation from the cosmic population of these BBHs. We incorporate a comprehensive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-24 Yunfeng Chen , Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu

Black hole superradiance is a powerful probe of light, weakly-coupled hidden sector particles. Many candidate particles, such as axions, generically have self-interactions that can influence the evolution of the superradiant instability. As…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-26 Masha Baryakhtar , Marios Galanis , Robert Lasenby , Olivier Simon

Studies of black hole superradiance often focus on the growth of a cloud in isolation, accompanied by the spin-down of the black hole. In this paper, we consider the additional effect of the accretion of matter and angular momentum from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-26 Lam Hui , Y. T. Albert Law , Luca Santoni , Guanhao Sun , Giovanni Maria Tomaselli , Enrico Trincherini

First, we verify that the physical parameters estimated for the four directly detected gravitational wave (GW) events involving coalescence of binary black holes (BHs) indeed uphold the second law of BH thermodynamics, strengthening further…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-08 Patrick Das Gupta , Fazlu Rahman

Ultralight bosonic fields are compelling dark-matter candidates and arise in a variety of beyond-Standard-Model scenarios. These fields can tap energy and angular momentum from spinning black holes through superradiant instabilities, during…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-04 Richard Brito , Sara Grillo , Paolo Pani

In the presence of an ultralight scalar or vector boson, a spinning black hole will be spun down through the superradiant instability. We use spin measurements from gravitational wave observations of binary black holes, in particular the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-08 P. S. Aswathi , William E. East , Nils Siemonsen , Ling Sun , Dana Jones

Ultralight vectors can extract energy and angular momentum from a Kerr black hole (BH) due to superradiant instability, resulting in the formation of a BH-condensate system. In this work, we carefully investigate the evolution of this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-10 Yin-Da Guo , Nayun Jia , Shou-Shan Bao , Hong Zhang , Xin Zhang

Under some conditions, light boson fields grow exponentially around a rotating black hole, called the superradiance instability. We discuss effects of nonlinear interactions of the boson on the instability. In particular, we focus on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-19 Hajime Fukuda , Kazunori Nakayama

Recent observation of Sagittarius A$^*$ (Sgr A$^*$) by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration has uncovered various unanswered questions in black hole (BH) physics. Besides, it may also probe various beyond the Standard Model (BSM)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-10 Akash Kumar Saha , Priyank Parashari , Tarak Nath Maity , Abhishek Dubey , Subhadip Bouri , Ranjan Laha

Oscillating clouds of ultralight bosons can grow around spinning black holes through superradiance, extracting energy and angular momentum, and eventually dissipating through gravitational radiation. Gravitational wave detectors like LIGO,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-17 Taillte May , William E. East , Nils Siemonsen