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Multilingualism refers to the high degree of proficiency in two or more languages in the written and oral communication modes. It often results in language mixing, a.k.a. code-mixing, when a multilingual speaker switches between multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Vivek Srivastava , Mayank Singh

Language change is a cultural evolutionary process in which variants of linguistic variables change in frequency through processes analogous to mutation, selection and genetic drift. In this work, we apply a recently-introduced method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Juan Guerrero Montero , Andres Karjus , Kenny Smith , Richard A. Blythe

Multilingualism is widespread around the world and code-switching (CSW) is a common practice among different language pairs/tuples across locations and regions. However, there is still not much progress in building successful CSW systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 A. Seza Doğruöz , Sunayana Sitaram , Zheng-Xin Yong

Code-switching is a phenomenon of mixing grammatical structures of two or more languages under varied social constraints. The code-switching data differ so radically from the benchmark corpora used in NLP community that the application of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Irshad Ahmad Bhat , Riyaz Ahmad Bhat , Manish Shrivastava , Dipti Misra Sharma

Recent years have seen a rise in interest for cross-lingual transfer between languages with similar typology, and between languages of various scripts. However, the interplay between language similarity and difference in script on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Samia Touileb , Jeremy Barnes

Value trade-offs are an integral part of human decision-making and language use, however, current tools for interpreting such dynamic and multi-faceted notions of values in language models are limited. In cognitive science, so-called…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sonia K. Murthy , Rosie Zhao , Jennifer Hu , Sham Kakade , Markus Wulfmeier , Peng Qian , Tomer Ullman

Pretrained multilingual models exhibit the same social bias as models processing English texts. This systematic review analyzes emerging research that extends bias evaluation and mitigation approaches into multilingual and non-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Lance Calvin Lim Gamboa , Yue Feng , Mark Lee

Recognizing emotions from speech using machine learning has become an active research area due to its importance in building human-centered applications. However, while many studies have been conducted in English, German, and other European…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Youcef Soufiane Gheffari , Oussama Mustapha Benouddane , Samiya Silarbi

We present ZAEBUC-Spoken, a multilingual multidialectal Arabic-English speech corpus. The corpus comprises twelve hours of Zoom meetings involving multiple speakers role-playing a work situation where Students brainstorm ideas for a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Injy Hamed , Fadhl Eryani , David Palfreyman , Nizar Habash

Humans quite frequently interact with conversational agents. The rapid advancement in generative language modeling through neural networks has helped advance the creation of intelligent conversational agents. Researchers typically evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Sashank Santhanam , Alireza Karduni , Samira Shaikh

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used in medical applications, such as clinical decision support, medical education, and medical question answering. Yet, these models are often English-centric, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chaimae Abouzahir , Congbo Ma , Nizar Habash , Farah E. Shamout

People communicate in more than 7,000 languages around the world, with around 780 languages spoken in India alone. Despite this linguistic diversity, research on Sentiment Analysis has predominantly focused on English text data, resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Aekansh Kathunia , Mohammad Kaif , Nalin Arora , N Narotam

Pre-trained multilingual language models (PMLMs) are commonly used when dealing with data from multiple languages and cross-lingual transfer. However, PMLMs are trained on varying amounts of data for each language. In practice this means…

Code-switching, alternating between languages within a conversation, is natural for multilingual users, yet poses fundamental challenges for large language models (LLMs). When a user code-switches in their prompt to an LLM, they typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Juhyun Oh , Haneul Yoo , Faiz Ghifari Haznitrama , Alice Oh

Code-Switching refers to the phenomenon of switching languages within a sentence or discourse. However, limited code-switching , different language phoneme-sets and high rebuilding costs throw a challenge to make the specialized acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Wei Wang , Chao Zhang , Xiaopei Wu

Code-switching speech refers to a means of expression by mixing two or more languages within a single utterance. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) with End-to-End (E2E) modeling for such speech can be a challenging task due to the lack of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Haibin Yu , Yuxuan Hu , Yao Qian , Ma Jin , Linquan Liu , Shujie Liu , Yu Shi , Yanmin Qian , Edward Lin , Michael Zeng

Research on multilingual speech emotion recognition faces the problem that most available speech corpora differ from each other in important ways, such as annotation methods or interaction scenarios. These inconsistencies complicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Michael Neumann , Ngoc Thang Vu

Code-mixing, the blending of linguistic elements from distinct languages to form meaningful sentences, is common in multilingual settings, yielding hybrid languages like Hinglish and Minglish. Marathi, India's third most spoken language,…

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (ASR) aims to transcribe speech that contains two or more languages accurately. To better capture language-specific speech representations and address language confusion in code-switching ASR, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-10 He Wang , Xucheng Wan , Naijun Zheng , Kai Liu , Huan Zhou , Guojian Li , Lei Xie

A multitude of web and desktop applications are now widely available in diverse human languages. This paper explores the design issues that are specifically relevant for multilingual users. It reports on the continued studies of Information…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Mahdi H. Miraz , Peter Excell , and Maaruf Ali