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Game consists of multiple types of content, while the harmony of different content types play an essential role in game design. However, most works on procedural content generation consider only one type of content at a time. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Ziqi Wang , Jialin Liu

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results in a variety of domains, learning directly from high-dimensional sensory streams. However, when neural networks are trained in a fixed environment, such as a single level in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Niels Justesen , Ruben Rodriguez Torrado , Philip Bontrager , Ahmed Khalifa , Julian Togelius , Sebastian Risi

Recent advances in agentic AI are shifting automation from discrete tools to proactive multi-agent systems that coordinate multi-specialized capabilities behind unified interfaces. However, today's agent systems typically rely on hard-coded…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Giuseppe Arbore , Andrea Sillano , Luigi De Russis

In the natural world, life has found innumerable ways to survive and often thrive. Between and even within species, each individual is in some manner unique, and this diversity lends adaptability and robustness to life. In this work, we aim…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Kenneth Derek , Phillip Isola

Recent advancements in generative AI have significantly increased interest in personalized agents. With increased personalization, there is also a greater need for being able to trust decision-making and action taking capabilities of these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Chirag Shah , Hideo Joho , Kirandeep Kaur , Preetam Prabhu Srikar Dammu

Algorithms that generate computer game content require game design knowledge. We present an approach to automatically learn game design knowledge for level design from gameplay videos. We further demonstrate how the acquired design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Matthew Guzdial , Mark Riedl

Procedural content generation has enabled vast virtual worlds through levels, maps, and quests, but large-scale character generation remains underexplored. We identify two alignment-induced biases in existing methods: a positive moral bias,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Maan Qraitem , Kate Saenko , Bryan A. Plummer

This paper explores adaptive problem solving with a game designed to support the development of problem-solving skills. Using an adaptive, AI-powered puzzle game, our adaptive problem-solving system dynamically generates pathfinding-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Matthew McConnell , Richard Zhao

Protecting against adversarial attacks is a common multiagent problem. Attackers in the real world are predominantly human actors, and the protection methods often incorporate opponent models to improve the performance when facing humans.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-29 David Milec , Viliam Lisý , Christopher Kiekintveld

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is widely used to create scalable and diverse environments in games. However, existing methods, such as the Wave Function Collapse (WFC) algorithm, are often limited to static scenarios and lack the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Aniruddha Srinivas Joshi

Player experience (PX) evaluation has become a field of interest in the game industry. Several manual PX techniques have been introduced to assist developers to understand and evaluate the experience of players in computer games. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Saba Gholizadeh Ansari , I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Mehdi Dastani , Frank Dignum , Gabriele Keller

Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) refers to a group of methods for creating game content (e.g. platformer levels, game maps, etc.) using machine learning models. PCGML approaches rely on black box models, which can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Faraz Khadivpour , Matthew Guzdial

In this paper we present results and analyses of a class of games in which heterogeneous agents are rewarded for being in a minority group. Each agent possesses a number of fixed strategies each of which are predictors of the next minority…

adap-org · Physics 2007-05-23 Radu Manuca , Yi Li , Rick Riolo , Robert Savit

In this article, we present a new machine learning model by imitation based on the linguistic description of complex phenomena. The idea consists of, first, capturing the behaviour of human players by creating a computational perception…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Clemente Rubio-Manzano , Tomas Lermanda , CLaudia Martinez , Alejandra Segura , Christian Vidal

Serious Games (SGs) are nowadays shifting focus to include procedural content generation (PCG) in the development process as a means of offering personalized and enhanced player experience. However, the development of a framework to assess…

Procedural content generation in video games has a long history. Existing procedural content generation methods, such as search-based, solver-based, rule-based and grammar-based methods have been applied to various content types such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jialin Liu , Sam Snodgrass , Ahmed Khalifa , Sebastian Risi , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Julian Togelius

Persona agents, which are LLM agents conditioned to act according to an assigned persona, enable contextually rich and user aligned interactions across domains like education and healthcare. However, evaluating how faithfully these agents…

Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) is a mechanism used in video games that automatically tailors the individual gaming experience to match an appropriate difficulty setting. This is generally achieved by removing pre-defined difficulty…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Anthony M. Colwell , Frank G. Glavin

The balancing process for game levels in competitive two-player contexts involves a lot of manual work and testing, particularly for non-symmetrical game levels. In this work, we frame game balancing as a procedural content generation task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Florian Rupp , Manuel Eberhardinger , Kai Eckert

Multi-agent simulations are versatile tools for exploring interactions among natural and artificial agents, but their development typically demands domain expertise and manual effort. This work introduces the Generative Agents for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Agnieszka Mensfelt , Kostas Stathis , Vince Trencsenyi