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We have recently observed the commercial roll-out of robotaxis in various countries. They are deployed within an operational design domain (ODD) on specific routes and environmental conditions, and are subject to continuous monitoring to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Junyi Gu , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Ali Nouri , Lydia Armini , Christian Berger

Automated vehicles (AVs) must communicate their yielding intentions to pedestrians at crossings. External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs, on-vehicle displays) are promising solutions, but were primarily tested with walking pedestrians.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ammar Al-Taie , Thomas Goodge , Shaun Macdonald , Ian Oakley , Stephen Brewster

Pedestrian-vehicle incidents remain a critical urban safety challenge, with pedestrians accounting for over 20% of global traffic fatalities. Although existing video-based systems can detect when incidents occur, they provide little insight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Hao Zhen , Yunxiang Yang , Jidong J. Yang

Current research on pedestrian behavior understanding focuses on the dynamics of pedestrians and makes strong assumptions about their perceptual abilities. For instance, it is often presumed that pedestrians have omnidirectional view of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Iuliia Kotseruba , Amir Rasouli

Modelling pedestrian-driver interactions is critical for understanding human road user behaviour and developing safe autonomous vehicle systems. Existing approaches often rely on rule-based logic, game-theoretic models, or 'black-box'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yueyang Wang , Mehmet Dogar , Gustav Markkula

We present nuReality, a virtual reality 'VR' environment designed to test the efficacy of vehicular behaviors to communicate intent during interactions between autonomous vehicles 'AVs' and pedestrians at urban intersections. In this…

Recent advances in autonomous vehicle (AV) behavior planning have shown impressive social interaction capabilities when interacting with other road users. However, achieving human-like prediction and decision-making in interactions with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Meiting Dang , Yanping Wu , Yafei Wang , Dezong Zhao , David Flynn , Chongfeng Wei

Even as technology and performance gains are made in the sphere of automated driving, safety concerns remain. Vehicle simulation has long been seen as a tool to overcome the cost associated with a massive amount of on-road testing for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joe Beck , Shean Huff , Subhadeep Chakraborty

Digital Twin is an emerging technology that replicates real-world entities into a digital space. It has attracted increasing attention in the transportation field and many researchers are exploring its future applications in the development…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Zijin Wang , Ou Zheng , Liangding Li , Mohamed Abdel-Aty , Carolina Cruz-Neira , Zubayer Islam

Unmanaged hazards in dangerous construction environments proved to be one of the main sources of injuries and accidents. Hazard recognition is crucial to achieve effective safety management and reduce injuries and fatalities in hazardous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Mojtaba Noghabaei , Kevin Han

As autonomous vehicle technology advances, the precise assessment of safety in complex traffic scenarios becomes crucial, especially in mixed-vehicle environments where human perception of safety must be taken into account. This paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Enrico Del Re , Amirhesam Aghanouri , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Pedestrians and bicyclists are among the vulnerable road users (VRUs) that are inherently exposed to intricate traffic scenarios, which puts them at increased risk of sustaining injuries or facing fatal outcomes. This study presents an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-16 Faryal Aurooj Nasir , Salman Liaquat , Nor Muzlifah Mahyuddin

Anticipating the intentions of vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and cyclists is critical for performing safe and comfortable driving maneuvers. This is the case for human driving and, thus, should be taken into account by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Zhijie Fang , Antonio M. López

Cycling delivers significant public-health and environmental benefits, yet its uptake in cities is often limited by perceived safety. When street environments appear unsafe, individuals are less likely to cycle, making perception a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Luís Maria Perdigão , Miguel Costa , Carlos Santiago , Manuel Marques

The modelling and simulation of the interaction among vehicles and pedestrians during cross-walking is an open challenge for both research and practical computational solutions supporting urban/traffic decision makers and managers. The…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2016-10-26 Andrea Gorrini , Giuseppe Vizzari , Stefania Bandini

Policymakers advocate for the use of external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) to allow autonomous vehicles (AVs) to communicate their intentions or status. Nonetheless, scalability concerns in complex traffic scenarios arise, such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Tram Thi Minh Tran , Callum Parker , Marius Hoggenmuller , Yiyuan Wang , Martin Tomitsch

Pedestrians and vehicles often share the road in complex inner city traffic. This leads to interactions between the vehicle and pedestrians, with each affecting the other's motion. In order to create robust methods to reason about…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Daniela A. Ridel , Nachiket Deo , Denis Wolf , Mohan M. Trivedi

Cyclists and pedestrians account for a significant share of fatalities and serious injuries in the road transport system. In order to protect them, advanced driver assistance systems are being developed and introduced to the market,…

Applications · Statistics 2020-01-09 Jordanka Kovaceva , András Bálint , Ron Schindler , Anja Schneider

Autonomous driving systems often infer pedestrian yielding behavior from geometric and kinematic cues alone, limiting their ability to reason about visual scene context and age-dependent behavioral variability. This limitation can produce…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Qingwen Pu , Kun Xie , Yuxiang Liu

As safe and comfortable interactions with pedestrians could contribute to automated vehicles' (AVs) social acceptance and scale, increasing attention has been drawn to computational pedestrian behavior models. However, very limited studies…