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Selection bias arises when the probability that an observation enters a dataset depends on variables related to the quantities of interest, leading to systematic distortions in estimation and uncertainty quantification. For example, in…

Unbiased CLTR requires click propensities to compensate for the difference between user clicks and true relevance of search results via IPS. Current propensity estimation methods assume that user click behavior follows the PBM and estimate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Ali Vardasbi , Maarten de Rijke , Ilya Markov

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a crucial area of research in online advertising. While binary cross entropy (BCE) has been widely used as the optimization objective for treating CTR prediction as a binary classification problem,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Zhutian Lin , Junwei Pan , Shangyu Zhang , Ximei Wang , Xi Xiao , Shudong Huang , Lei Xiao , Jie Jiang

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction plays an indispensable role in online platforms. Numerous models have been proposed to capture users' shifting preferences by leveraging user behavior sequences. However, these historical sequences often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Junjie Huang , Guohao Cai , Jieming Zhu , Zhenhua Dong , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Model evolution and constant availability of data are two common phenomena in large-scale real-world machine learning applications, e.g. ads and recommendation systems. To adapt, the real-world system typically retrain with all available…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jian Zhu , Congcong Liu , Pei Wang , Xiwei Zhao , Zhangang Lin , Jingping Shao

Personalized news recommendation aims to provide attractive articles for readers by predicting their likelihood of clicking on a certain article. To accurately predict this probability, plenty of studies have been proposed that actively…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Sungmin Cho , Hongjun Lim , Keunchan Park , Sungjoo Yoo , Eunhyeok Park

Position bias, the phenomenon whereby users tend to focus on higher-ranked items of the search result list regardless of the actual relevance to queries, is prevailing in many ranking systems. Position bias in training data biases the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Yibo Wang , Yanbing Xue , Bo Liu , Musen Wen , Wenting Zhao , Stephen Guo , Philip S. Yu

Etsy is a global marketplace where people across the world connect to make, buy and sell unique goods. Sellers at Etsy can promote their product listings via advertising campaigns similar to traditional sponsored search ads. Click-Through…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Kamelia Aryafar , Devin Guillory , Liangjie Hong

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a critical task in online advertising systems. Existing works mainly address the single-domain CTR prediction problem and model aspects such as feature interaction, user behavior history and contextual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Wentao Ouyang , Xiuwu Zhang , Lei Zhao , Jinmei Luo , Yu Zhang , Heng Zou , Zhaojie Liu , Yanlong Du

Collaborative Topic Regression (CTR) combines ideas of probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) and topic modeling (e.g., LDA) for recommender systems, which has gained increasing successes in many applications. Despite enjoying many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Chenghao Liu , Tao Jin , Steven C. H. Hoi , Peilin Zhao , Jianling Sun

Unbiased learning to rank (ULTR) studies the problem of mitigating various biases from implicit user feedback data such as clicks, and has been receiving considerable attention recently. A popular ULTR approach for real-world applications…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yunan Zhang , Le Yan , Zhen Qin , Honglei Zhuang , Jiaming Shen , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

Data sparsity is an important issue for click-through rate (CTR) prediction, particularly when user-item interactions is too sparse to learn a reliable model. Recently, many works on cross-domain CTR (CDCTR) prediction have been developed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Xu Chen , Zida Cheng , Shuai Xiao , Xiaoyi Zeng , Weilin Huang

To identify the most appropriate recommendation model for an e-commerce business, a live evaluation should be performed on the shopping website to measure the influence of personalization in real-time. The aim of this paper is to introduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Namrata Chaudhary , Drimik Roy Chowdhury

Click-through rate (CTR) is a key signal of relevance for search engine results, both organic and sponsored. CTR of a result has two core components: (a) the probability of examination of a result by a user, and (b) the perceived relevance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Muhammad Asiful Islam , Ramakrishnan Srikant , Sugato Basu

Online travel platforms (OTPs), e.g., Ctrip.com or Fliggy.com, can effectively provide travel-related products or services to users. In this paper, we focus on the multi-scenario click-through rate (CTR) prediction, i.e., training a unified…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Peilin Chen , Hong Wen , Jing Zhang , Fuyu Lv , Zhao Li , Qijie Shen , Wanjie Tao , Ying Zhou , Chao Zhang

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is one of the core tasks in recommender systems. User behavior sequences, as one of the most effective features, can accurately reflect user preferences and significantly improve prediction accuracy.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xiaolong Chen , Haoyi Zhao , Xu Huang , Defu Lian

Dwell time (DT) is a critical post-click metric for evaluating user preference in recommender systems, complementing the traditional click-through rate (CTR). Although multi-task learning is widely adopted to jointly optimize DT and CTR, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Huishi Luo , Fuzhen Zhuang , Yongchun Zhu , Yiqing Wu , Bo Kang , Ruobing Xie , Feng Xia , Deqing Wang , Jin Dong

Post-click conversion rate (CVR) is a reliable indicator of online customers' preferences, making it crucial for developing recommender systems. A major challenge in predicting CVR is severe selection bias, arising from users' inherent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenbo Hu , Xin Sun , Qiang liu , Le Wu , Liang Wang

Neural networks predictions are unreliable when the input sample is out of the training distribution or corrupted by noise. Being able to detect such failures automatically is fundamental to integrate deep learning algorithms into robotics.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Antonio Loquercio , Mattia Segù , Davide Scaramuzza

In modern social media, recommender systems (RecSys) rely on the click-through rate (CTR) as the standard metric to evaluate user engagement. CTR prediction is traditionally framed as a binary classification task to predict whether a user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zhongyu Ouyang , Chunhui Zhang , Yaning Jia , Soroush Vosoughi