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In web search and recommendation systems, user clicks are widely used to train ranking models. However, click data is heavily biased, i.e., users tend to click higher-ranked items (position bias), choose only what was shown to them…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Haoming Gong , Qingyao Ai , Zhihao Tao , Yongfeng Zhang

In digital advertising, Click-Through Rate (CTR) and Conversion Rate (CVR) are very important metrics for evaluating ad performance. As a result, ad event prediction systems are vital and widely used for sponsored search and display…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Saeid Soheily Khah , Yiming Wu

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is critical for industrial recommender systems, where most deep CTR models follow an Embedding \& Feature Interaction paradigm. However, the majority of methods focus on designing network architectures to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Huifeng Guo , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang , Zhenguo Li , Xiuqiang He

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a core task in nowadays commercial recommender systems. Feature crossing, as the mainline of research on CTR prediction, has shown a promising way to enhance predictive performance. Even though various…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Runlong Yu , Yuyang Ye , Qi Liu , Zihan Wang , Chunfeng Yang , Yucheng Hu , Enhong Chen

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a vital task in industrial recommendation systems. Most existing methods focus on the network architecture design of the CTR model for better accuracy and suffer from the data sparsity problem.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Qi Liu , Xuyang Hou , Defu Lian , Zhe Wang , Haoran Jin , Jia Cheng , Jun Lei

We study the design of loss functions for click-through rates (CTR) to optimize (social) welfare in advertising auctions. Existing works either only focus on CTR predictions without consideration of business objectives (e.g., welfare) in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Boxiang Lyu , Zhe Feng , Zachary Robertson , Sanmi Koyejo

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a fundamental technique for online advertising recommendation and the complex online competitive auction process also brings many difficulties to CTR optimization. Recent studies have shown that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yang Yang , Bo Chen , Chenxu Zhu , Menghui Zhu , Xinyi Dai , Huifeng Guo , Muyu Zhang , Zhenhua Dong , Ruiming Tang

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is an essential task in industrial applications such as video recommendation. Recently, deep learning models have been proposed to learn the representation of users' overall interests, while ignoring the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Shu-Ting Shi , Wenhao Zheng , Jun Tang , Qing-Guo Chen , Yao Hu , Jianke Zhu , Ming Li

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, whose goal is to predict the probability of the user to click on an item, has become increasingly significant in the recommender systems. Recently, some deep learning models with the ability to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Tianwei Cao , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Qingming Huang

CTR prediction is essential for modern recommender systems. Ranging from early factorization machines to deep learning based models in recent years, existing CTR methods focus on capturing useful feature interactions or mining important…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Wei Guo , Can Zhang , Zhicheng He , Jiarui Qin , Huifeng Guo , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Xiuqiang He , Rui Zhang

We study information design in click-through auctions, in which the bidders/advertisers bid for winning an opportunity to show their ads but only pay for realized clicks. The payment may or may not happen, and its probability is called the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Junjie Chen , Minming Li , Haifeng Xu , Song Zuo

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction plays a crucial role in modern recommender systems. While many existing methods utilize ensemble networks to improve CTR model performance, they typically restrict the ensemble to only two or three…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Honghao Li , Lei Sang , Yi Zhang , Guangming Cui , Yiwen Zhang

Click through rates (CTR) offer useful user feedback that can be used to infer the relevance of search results for queries. However it is not very meaningful to look at the raw click through rate of a search result because the likelihood of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-03-15 Sreenivas Gollapudi , Rina Panigrahy

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction has become an essential task in digital industries, such as digital advertising or online shopping. Many deep learning-based methods have been implemented and have become state-of-the-art models in the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ibrahim Can Yilmaz , Said Aldemir

This paper proposes new methods to enhance click-through rate (CTR) prediction models using the Deep Interest Network (DIN) model, specifically applied to the advertising system of Alibaba's Taobao platform. Unlike traditional deep learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Chang Zhou , Yang Zhao , Yuelin Zou , Jin Cao , Wenhan Fan , Yi Zhao , Chiyu Cheng

In this work, we introduce the notion of Context-Based Prediction Models. A Context-Based Prediction Model determines the probability of a user's action (such as a click or a conversion) solely by relying on user and contextual features,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Jan Hartman , Assaf Klein , Davorin Kopič , Natalia Silberstein

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is one of the most important machine learning tasks in recommender systems, driving personalized experience for billions of consumers. Neural architecture search (NAS), as an emerging field, has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Qingquan Song , Dehua Cheng , Hanning Zhou , Jiyan Yang , Yuandong Tian , Xia Hu

Most existing unbiased learning-to-rank (ULTR) approaches are based on the user examination hypothesis, which assumes that users will click a result only if it is both relevant and observed (typically modeled by position). However, in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Lulu Yu , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Shihao Liu , Dawei Yin , Xueqi Cheng

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is essential in online advertising, where semantic information plays a pivotal role in shaping user decisions and enhancing CTR effectiveness. Capturing and modeling deep semantic information, such as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Guoxiao Zhang , Yi Wei , Yadong Zhang , Huajian Feng , Qiang Liu

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, which aims to predict the probability of a user clicking on an ad or an item, is critical to many online applications such as online advertising and recommender systems. The problem is very challenging…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Weiping Song , Chence Shi , Zhiping Xiao , Zhijian Duan , Yewen Xu , Ming Zhang , Jian Tang