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Transformers have become the de facto backbone of modern deep learning, yet their training typically demands an advanced optimizer with adaptive learning rate like AdamW, rather than a momentum SGDW (mSGDW). Previous works show that it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Xianbiao Qi , Marco Chen , Wenjie Xiao , Jiaquan Ye , Yelin He , Chun-Guang Li , Zhouchen Lin

Vision transformers (ViTs) inherited the success of NLP but their structures have not been sufficiently investigated and optimized for visual tasks. One of the simplest solutions is to directly search the optimal one via the widely used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Xiu Su , Shan You , Jiyang Xie , Mingkai Zheng , Fei Wang , Chen Qian , Changshui Zhang , Xiaogang Wang , Chang Xu

Transformers have become one of the dominant architectures in deep learning, particularly as a powerful alternative to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in computer vision. However, Transformer training and inference in previous works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Zizheng Pan , Bohan Zhuang , Haoyu He , Jing Liu , Jianfei Cai

Vision transformers have demonstrated remarkable success in classification by leveraging global self-attention to capture long-range dependencies. However, this same mechanism can obscure fine-grained spatial details crucial for tasks such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sina Hajimiri , Farzad Beizaee , Fereshteh Shakeri , Christian Desrosiers , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Pretrain techniques, whether supervised or self-supervised, are widely used in deep learning to enhance model performance. In real-world clinical scenarios, different sets of magnetic resonance (MR) contrasts are often acquired for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-07 Badhan Kumar Das , Gengyan Zhao , Han Liu , Thomas J. Re , Dorin Comaniciu , Eli Gibson , Andreas Maier

Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures represent images as collections of high-dimensional vectorized tokens, each corresponding to a rectangular non-overlapping patch. This representation trades spatial granularity for embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Dong Lao , Yangchao Wu , Tian Yu Liu , Alex Wong , Stefano Soatto

Normalization layers are essential in a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). Various normalization methods have been proposed. The statistics used to normalize the feature maps can be computed at batch, channel, or instance level.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-27 Xiao-Yun Zhou , Peichao Li , Zhao-Yang Wang , Guang-Zhong Yang

Vision Transformer (ViT), a radically different architecture than convolutional neural networks offers multiple advantages including design simplicity, robustness and state-of-the-art performance on many vision tasks. However, in contrast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Hanan Gani , Muzammal Naseer , Mohammad Yaqub

In the last decade, convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) have dominated and achieved state-of-the-art performances in a variety of medical imaging applications. However, the performances of ConvNets are still limited by lacking the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-15 Junyu Chen , Yufan He , Eric C. Frey , Ye Li , Yong Du

The extension of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to non-Euclidean geometries has led to multiple frameworks for studying manifolds. Many of those methods have shown design limitations resulting in poor modelling of long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Simon Dahan , Logan Z. J. Williams , Abdulah Fawaz , Daniel Rueckert , Emma C. Robinson

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have long been the architecture of choice for computer vision tasks. Recently, Transformer-based architectures like Vision Transformer (ViT) have matched or even surpassed ResNets for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Ayan Chakrabarti , Daniel Glasner , Daliang Li , Thomas Unterthiner , Andreas Veit

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have dominated computer vision for years, due to its ability in capturing locality and translation invariance. Recently, many vision transformer architectures have been proposed and they show promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Pichao Wang , Xue Wang , Fan Wang , Ming Lin , Shuning Chang , Hao Li , Rong Jin

A central objective in computer vision is to design models with appropriate 2-D inductive bias. Desiderata for 2D inductive bias include two-dimensional position awareness, dynamic spatial locality, and translation and permutation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Ethan Baron , Itamar Zimerman , Lior Wolf

Transformers have demonstrated great power in the recent development of large foundational models. In particular, the Vision Transformer (ViT) has brought revolutionary changes to the field of vision, achieving significant accomplishments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Jiarui Jiang , Wei Huang , Miao Zhang , Taiji Suzuki , Liqiang Nie

Since being introduced in 2020, Vision Transformers (ViT) has been steadily breaking the record for many vision tasks and are often described as ``all-you-need" to replace ConvNet. Despite that, ViTs are generally computational,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Chuong H. Nguyen , Su Huynh , Vinh Nguyen , Ngoc Nguyen

Fully test-time adaptation aims to adapt the network model based on sequential analysis of input samples during the inference stage to address the cross-domain performance degradation problem of deep neural networks. This work is based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yushun Tang , Shuoshuo Chen , Zhehan Kan , Yi Zhang , Qinghai Guo , Zhihai He

Despite the widespread adoption of transformers in medical applications, the exploration of multi-scale learning through transformers remains limited, while hierarchical representations are considered advantageous for computer-aided medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xiaoya Tang , Bodong Zhang , Man Minh Ho , Beatrice S. Knudsen , Tolga Tasdizen

Vision Transformers (ViTs) and Swin Transformers (Swin) are currently state-of-the-art in computational pathology. However, domain experts are still reluctant to use these models due to their lack of interpretability. This is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Manuel Tran , Amal Lahiani , Yashin Dicente Cid , Melanie Boxberg , Peter Lienemann , Christian Matek , Sophia J. Wagner , Fabian J. Theis , Eldad Klaiman , Tingying Peng

We introduce dense vision transformers, an architecture that leverages vision transformers in place of convolutional networks as a backbone for dense prediction tasks. We assemble tokens from various stages of the vision transformer into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 René Ranftl , Alexey Bochkovskiy , Vladlen Koltun

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have recently garnered considerable attention, emerging as a promising alternative to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in several vision-related applications. However, their large model sizes and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Dayou Du , Gu Gong , Xiaowen Chu