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Normalization layers are ubiquitous in modern neural networks and have long been considered essential. This work demonstrates that Transformers without normalization can achieve the same or better performance using a remarkably simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jiachen Zhu , Xinlei Chen , Kaiming He , Yann LeCun , Zhuang Liu

The quadratic computational complexity to the number of tokens limits the practical applications of Vision Transformers (ViTs). Several works propose to prune redundant tokens to achieve efficient ViTs. However, these methods generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Shuning Chang , Pichao Wang , Ming Lin , Fan Wang , David Junhao Zhang , Rong Jin , Mike Zheng Shou

Change detection in remote sensing images is essential for tracking environmental changes on the Earth's surface. Despite the success of vision transformers (ViTs) as backbones in numerous computer vision applications, they remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Duowang Zhu , Xiaohu Huang , Haiyan Huang , Zhenfeng Shao , Qimin Cheng

Vision Transformers have emerged as powerful, scalable and versatile representation learners. To capture both global and local features, a learnable [CLS] class token is typically prepended to the input sequence of patch tokens. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Alexis Marouani , Oriane Siméoni , Hervé Jégou , Piotr Bojanowski , Huy V. Vo

Vision Transformer (ViT) is emerging as the state-of-the-art architecture for image recognition. While recent studies suggest that ViTs are more robust than their convolutional counterparts, our experiments find that ViTs trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Chengzhi Mao , Lu Jiang , Mostafa Dehghani , Carl Vondrick , Rahul Sukthankar , Irfan Essa

Recent advances on Vision Transformer (ViT) and its improved variants have shown that self-attention-based networks surpass traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in most vision tasks. However, existing ViTs focus on the standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Xiaofeng Mao , Gege Qi , Yuefeng Chen , Xiaodan Li , Ranjie Duan , Shaokai Ye , Yuan He , Hui Xue

Vision transformers (ViTs) have become the popular structures and outperformed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on various vision tasks. However, such powerful transformers bring a huge computation burden, because of the exhausting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Zhuofan Zong , Kunchang Li , Guanglu Song , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Biao Leng , Yu Liu

In recent computer vision research, the advent of the Vision Transformer (ViT) has rapidly revolutionized various architectural design efforts: ViT achieved state-of-the-art image classification performance using self-attention found in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Yuki Tatsunami , Masato Taki

In recent years, Vision Transformer-based approaches for low-level vision tasks have achieved widespread success. Unlike CNN-based models, Transformers are more adept at capturing long-range dependencies, enabling the reconstruction of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Chih-Chung Hsu , Chia-Ming Lee , Yi-Shiuan Chou

Real-world image denoising is a practical image restoration problem that aims to obtain clean images from in-the-wild noisy inputs. Recently, the Vision Transformer (ViT) has exhibited a strong ability to capture long-range dependencies,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Hao Li , Zhijing Yang , Xiaobin Hong , Ziying Zhao , Junyang Chen , Yukai Shi , Jinshan Pan

In this paper, we present token labeling -- a new training objective for training high-performance vision transformers (ViTs). Different from the standard training objective of ViTs that computes the classification loss on an additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Zihang Jiang , Qibin Hou , Li Yuan , Daquan Zhou , Yujun Shi , Xiaojie Jin , Anran Wang , Jiashi Feng

Vision Transformer (ViT) has shown its advantages over the convolutional neural network (CNN) with its ability to capture global long-range dependencies for visual representation learning. Besides ViT, contrastive learning is another…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Hua-Bao Ling , Bowen Zhu , Dong Huang , Ding-Hua Chen , Chang-Dong Wang , Jian-Huang Lai

Recent studies have integrated convolutions into transformers to introduce inductive bias and improve generalization performance. However, the static nature of conventional convolution prevents it from dynamically adapting to input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Meng Lou , Shu Zhang , Hong-Yu Zhou , Sibei Yang , Chuan Wu , Yizhou Yu

We present in this paper a new architecture, named Convolutional vision Transformer (CvT), that improves Vision Transformer (ViT) in performance and efficiency by introducing convolutions into ViT to yield the best of both designs. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Haiping Wu , Bin Xiao , Noel Codella , Mengchen Liu , Xiyang Dai , Lu Yuan , Lei Zhang

Developing lightweight Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) has become one of the focuses in vision research since the low computational cost is essential for deploying vision models on edge devices.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-11 Jiehua Zhang , Xueyang Zhang , Zhuo Su , Zitong Yu , Yanghe Feng , Xin Lu , Matti Pietikäinen , Li Liu

Self-attention and transformers have been widely used in deep learning. Recent efforts have been devoted to incorporating transformer blocks into different neural architectures, including those with convolutions, leading to various visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yancheng Wang , Yingzhen Yang

Recently, the Vision Transformer (ViT), which applied the transformer structure to the image classification task, has outperformed convolutional neural networks. However, the high performance of the ViT results from pre-training using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Seung Hoon Lee , Seunghyun Lee , Byung Cheol Song

Multi-scale representations are crucial for semantic segmentation. The community has witnessed the flourish of semantic segmentation convolutional neural networks (CNN) exploiting multi-scale contextual information. Motivated by that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Haotian Yan , Chuang Zhang , Ming Wu

Vision Transformers have attracted a lot of attention recently since the successful implementation of Vision Transformer (ViT) on vision tasks. With vision Transformers, specifically the multi-head self-attention modules, networks can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Xiangyu Chen , Ying Qin , Wenju Xu , Andrés M. Bur , Cuncong Zhong , Guanghui Wang

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) inherently encode strong inductive biases, enabling effective generalization on small-scale datasets. In this paper, we propose integrating this inductive bias into ViTs, not through an architectural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jianqiao Zheng , Xueqian Li , Hemanth Saratchandran , Simon Lucey